ON THE NEED FOR INNOVATION IN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
ON THE NEED FOR INNOVATION IN ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
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DOI：
10.3417/2016034
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
van Melis, Juliano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brancalion, Pedro H. S.;van Melis, Juliano
社会对生态恢复的潜力有很高的期望，以帮助应对全球环境危机，但恢复科学和实践之间的巨大差距可能会破坏大面积退化土地的本地生态系统的恢复。在本文中，我们探讨了潜在的应用创新的方法来弥合知识和恢复行动之间的差距。最有希望的恢复创新战略是适应其他活动领域开发的解决方案，市场力量历来支持研究和开发计划。然而，修复方面的创新可能不仅仅依赖于需要高投资的技术。相反，如果恢复科学和实践得到重新规划和整合，就有许多机会更好地利用现有资金和低成本解决方案。如果研究项目的设想是促进与最终用户共同生产知识，那么在没有额外投资的情况下，可能会出现有价值的恢复问题解决方案。对于恢复实践，我们恢复退化的能力可以通过将重点从地块规模，昂贵的解决方案转移到促进自然再生，在生态上可行和社会经济上可行的地点来获得实质性的进步。在能力建设方面，有希望的办法包括仿效其他技术转让模式，主要是农业中使用的技术转让模式，以及促进使用基于网络的解决办法。在治理方面，我们建议促进“政策触发器”，更好地利用技术获取和整合信息。最后，多方利益攸关者联盟可以通过将这些不同的恢复领域联系起来并促进在复杂的社会生态系统中共同创造解决方案来作出贡献。大规模的恢复将无法通过传统恢复方法实施的小规模项目的简单总和来实现，因此创新可以发挥最大的作用，以实现数十年来恢复的承诺，以扭转景观规模的退化。
Society has high expectations regarding the potential of ecological restoration to help confront the global environmental crisis, but the huge gap between restoration science and practice may undermine the recovery of native ecosystems in vast areas of degraded lands. In this paper, we explore the potential application of an innovation approach to bridge the gap between knowledge and action in restoration. The most promising innovation strategy for restoration is the adaptation of solutions developed in other fields of activity, for which market forces have historically supported programs of research and development. However, innovations in restoration may not rely only on technological took requiring high investments. Rather, there are many opportunities for making better use of the existing funds and for low-cost solutions if restoration science and practice are reframed and integrated. If research projects are conceived to promote a co-production of knowledge with end users, valuable solutions for restoration problems may arise without extra investments. For restoration practice, substantial advances in our capacity to revert degradation could be obtained by shifting the focus from plot-scale, expensive solutions to the promotion of natural regeneration in sites where it is ecologically viable and socioeconomically feasible. For capacity building, promising approaches include emulating other models of technology transfer, mainly those used in agriculture, and fostering the use of web-based solutions. For governance, we recommend the promotion of ''policy triggers" and better use of technology to obtain and integrate information. Finally, multi-stakeholder coalitions may contribute by linking these different fields of restoration and promoting the co-creation of solutions in complex socio-ecological systems. Large-scale restoration will not be achieved by the simple sum of small-scale projects implemented by traditional restoration approaches, so innovation can play an utmost role to fulfill the decades-old promise of restoration to reverse degradation at the landscape scale.