A spatial and temporal analysis of damaging snowstorms in the United States
A spatial and temporal analysis of damaging snowstorms in the United States
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-005-6581-4
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Changnon, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Changnon, SA;Changnon, D
对美国各地造成超过2500万美元财产损失的极具破坏性的暴风雪记录进行了评估，以确定1949-2000年期间美国暴风雪活动的空间和时间维度。在这52年的时间里，发生了155次暴风雪，造成的损失总计216亿美元（2000美元）。美国东北部的风暴发生次数（79场）、总损失（73亿美元）和风暴强度都是全国最高的。美国三分之二的损失发生在东北部、东南部和中部气候区，美国西部的风暴发生和损失最少。然而，全国性的损失有一个显著的上升趋势，风暴的规模和强度也是如此。风暴数量最多的州是纽约（62场）和宾夕法尼亚州（58场），蒙大拿州、爱达荷州和犹他州只有2场风暴。1949-2000年，美国东北部和东南部的风暴损失呈U形时间分布，时间趋势平坦，但西部地区和深南地区的损失和风暴规模有明显的上升趋势。美国西部超过90%的风暴损失发生在1980年之后。这些研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，损失增加，反映出人口的迅速增长和更多财产的脆弱性是影响损失的主要因素，暴风雪发生率没有随着时间的推移而变化，表明1949-2000年期间气候没有变化。
Records of very damaging snowstorms, those causing more than $25 million in property losses, across the United States were assessed to define the spatial and temporal dimensions of the nation's snowstorm activity during 1949-2000. In this 52-year period 155 snowstorms occurred and caused losses totaling $21.6 billion (2000 dollars). The northeastern U.S. had the nation's maximum storm occurrences (79 storms), total losses ($7.3 billion), and storm intensity. Two-thirds of all U.S. losses occurred in the Northeast, Southeast, and Central climate regions, and storm occurrences and losses were least in the western U.S. The incidence of storms peaked in the 1976-1985 period and exhibited no up or down trend during 1949-2000. However, national losses had a significant upward time trend, as did storm sizes and intensity. States with the greatest number of storms were New York (62) and Pennsylvania (58) with only 2 storms in Montana, Idaho, and Utah. Storm losses in the northeastern and southeastern U.S. had U-shaped time distributions with flat time trends for 1949-2000, but losses in the western regions and Deep South had distinct upward trends in losses and storm size. More than 90% of all storm losses in the western U.S. occurred after 1980. These findings indicating increased losses over time reflect that a rapidly growing population and vulnerability of more property at risk have been major factors affecting losses, and the lack of a change over time in snowstorm incidences suggests no change in climate during 1949-2000.