DISINHIBITION AS A BASIC PROCESS IN THE EXPRESSION OF STRIATAL FUNCTIONS
DISINHIBITION AS A BASIC PROCESS IN THE EXPRESSION OF STRIATAL FUNCTIONS
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DOI：
10.1016/0166-2236(90)90109-n
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发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
DENIAU, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHEVALIER, G;DENIAU, JM
在过去的十年中，电生理学方法极大地提高了对基底神经节参与运动行为的理解。本综述报告了基底节通过去抑制机制激活执行运动中枢而参与运动的启动。我们认为，基底节的输出被用作运动模板，指定参与指导空间运动的运动元素。到目前为止，基底节参与运动活动是其功能中最引人注目的方面。在过去的十年里，我们关于基底节在运动行为中的作用的概念是基于对纹状体的电刺激引起运动皮质2和非特异性丘脑核团3、4神经元兴奋性降低的观察。也有报道称，长时间的纹状体刺激会导致正在进行的运动5、脑电同步6和睡眠7停止。这些数据导致了“催眠”纹状体的概念。然而，最近在麻醉和行为动物中进行的电生理学观察对这一概念提出了挑战。取而代之的是，纹状体现在被视为一种促进运动系统“唤醒”的结构。本文主要介绍纹状体唤醒功能的基本过程，纹状体发生的心理生理学背景，以及纹状体可能传递给运动系统的信息。
During the past decade, electrophysiological approaches have greatly improved understanding of the involvement of the basal ganglia in motor behaviour. This review reports that the basal ganglia contribute to the initiation of movement by arousing executive motor centres via a disinhibitory mechanism. We propose that the basal ganglia output is used as a movement template specifying the motor elements to be engaged in directing movement in space.The involvement of the basal ganglia in motor activity is by far the most striking aspect of their functions. It now belongs to the corpus of neurological observations that dysfunction in this system causes a wide spectrum of posturokinetic disorders such as parkinsonism, ballista, athetose and choreaL Before the past decade, our conception about the role of basal ganglia in motor behaviour was based upon observations that electrical stimulation of the striatum provokes a reduced neuronal excitability in the motor cortex 2 and in non-specific thalamic nuclei 3, 4. It was also reported that prolonged striatal stimulation resulted in arrest of ongoing movements 5, EEG synchronization 6 and sleep 7. These data led to the concept of a'hypnogenic'striatum. However, this concept has been challenged by recent electrophysiological observations in anaesthetized and behaving animals. Instead, the striatum is now viewed as a structure that promotes' arousal'of the motor system. This review concentrates on the basic process underlying the arousing function of striatum, the psychophysiological context in which it takes place, and the message it could transmit to the motor system.