POWER OUTPUT AND PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY OF SWIMMING BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS)
POWER OUTPUT AND PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY OF SWIMMING BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS)
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发表时间：
1993-12
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通讯作者：
F. Fish
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作者：
F. Fish
摘要 通过一个流体力学模型确定了宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）的功率输出和推进效率。当海豚在大型水池中游泳时，对其推进动作进行了拍摄。海豚的游泳速度为1.2 - 6.0米/秒。推进力由身体后部和尾鳍的背腹摆动提供。尾鳍的最大攻角随速度呈线性下降，而推进周期的频率随速度增加呈线性上升。振幅为体长的20%，且不随速度变化。推进效率为0.81。计算出的推力功率在生理极限范围内。在对游泳深度的影响进行校正后，发现阻力系数比假设湍流边界条件下的理论最小值高3.2倍。身体和尾鳍的运动是阻力增加的主要原因。这一分析支持了其他研究，这些研究表明宽吻海豚虽然非常适应高效的高性能游泳，但并没有表现出异常的流体动力学性能。
Summary The power output and propulsive efficiency of swimming bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were determined from a hydromechanica l model. The propulsive movements were filmed as dolphins swam in large pools. Dolphins swam at velocities of 1.2‐6.0ms21. Propulsion was provided by dorsoventral oscillations of the posterior body and flukes. The maximum angle of attack of the flukes showed a linear decrease with velocity, whereas the frequency of the propulsive cycle increased linearly with increasing velocity. Amplitude was 20% of body length and remained constant with velocity. Propulsive efficiency was 0.81. The thrust power computed was within physiological limits. After correction for effects due to swimming depth, the coefficient of drag was found to be 3.2 times higher than the theoretical minimum assuming turbulent boundary conditions. The motions of the body and flukes are primarily responsible for the increased drag. This analysis supports other studies that indicate that bottlenose dolphins, although well adapted for efficient high-performance swimming, show no unusual hydrodynamic performance.