Cultural and communicative memories: contrasting Argentina’s 1976 coup d’état and the 2001 economic-political-social crisis
Cultural and communicative memories: contrasting Argentina’s 1976 coup d’état and the 2001 economic-political-social crisis
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文化和交流记忆：对比阿根廷 1976 年政变和 2001 年经济政治社会危机
作者：
F. Muller;Federico Bermejo;W. Hirst
摘要近年来，关于集体记忆的研究将文化记忆和交际记忆区分开来，以了解记忆的来源如何影响其结构或形式。当一个群体的记忆是通过纪念馆，纪录片或任何其他文化文物介导的，集体记忆是由文化记忆塑造的。当它主要基于与他人的交流时，它的来源是交流记忆。我们通过研究阿根廷历史上最近的两个事件来解决这一区别：2001年的经济-政治-社会危机（交流记忆）和1976年的政变（文化记忆）。我们还研究了集体记忆中涉及的政治意识形态和记忆类型。对所研究事件的记忆可能发生在记忆者的一生中（生活记忆），也可能涉及遥远的事件（遥远记忆）。100名参与者回答了关于2001年阿根廷事件的自由回忆任务。叙述分析允许将这些召回与我们1976年的研究进行比较。研究结果表明：1）文化记忆更具有情境性、非个人性和情感性。2)交流记忆更个人化和情感化。研究表明，当集体记忆的形式有不同的流行来源时，它是如何变化的。
ABSTRACT Studies on collective memory have recently addressed the distinction between cultural and communicative memory as a way to understand how the source of a memory affects its structure or form. When a groups’ memory is mediated by memorials, documentaries or any other cultural artifacts, collective memory is shaped by cultural memory. When it is based mostly in communication with other people, its source is communicative memory. We address this distinction by studying two recent events in Argentinean history: the 2001 economic-political-social crisis (communicative memory) and the 1976 coup (cultural memory). We also examine the political ideology and the type of memory involved in collective memory. The memory of the studied events may occur during the lifetime of the rememberer (Lived Memory) or refer to distant events (Distant Memory). 100 participants responded to a Free Recall task about the events of 2001 in Argentina. Narrative analysis allowed comparing these recalls with our 1976 study. Results show: 1) Cultural memories are more contextualised, more impersonal and less affective. 2) Communicative memories are more personal and affective. Study shows how collective memory form changes when it has a different prevalent source.