Ecological and human health risk of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of Huixian karst wetland in Guilin, China
Ecological and human health risk of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of Huixian karst wetland in Guilin, China
复制标题
桂林辉县喀斯特湿地地表水和地下水中磺胺类药物的生态和人体健康风险
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134552
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Dai Jun-Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qin Li-Tang;Pang Xin-Rui;Zeng Hong-Hu;Liang Yan-Peng;Mo Ling-Yun;Wang Dun-Qiu;Dai Jun-Feng
磺胺类抗生素是新出现的令人关注的污染物(CEC)。这些CEC引起了相当大的警觉，因为它们普遍存在于水环境中。关于桂林(中国南部)喀斯特地区CEC环境存在的研究尚未见报道。因此，本研究旨在调查桂林辉县喀斯特湿地系统四种主要水环境(养殖场水、沟渠水、湿地水和地下水)地表水和地下水中磺胺类化合物的存在及其时空分布。此外，这项研究的目的是确定磺胺类药物及其混合物的生态和人体健康风险。在研究区内观察到10种磺胺类药物，即磺胺嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、甲氧苯胺嘧啶、磺胺甲氧基吡嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉。养殖场水、沟渠水、湿地水和地下水的平均浓度最高的分别是磺胺二甲嘧啶(48.24g/L)、磺胺甲恶嗪(1281.50μg/L)、磺胺甲恶唑(51.14g/L)和磺胺二甲嘧啶(20.06g/L)。检测到的化合物在沟渠水中的潜在生态风险远远高于水产养殖场水、湿地水和地下水。磺胺类的生态风险最大，对绿藻的风险系数(RQ)为335.5，对大型水蚤的风险系数为152.同样，在养殖场水(RQ=3.39)、湿地水(RQ=2.98)和地下水(RQ=33.6)中，磺胺类对绿藻的生态风险最高。观察了饮用地下水中磺胺对12个月年龄组的人体健康风险。磺胺混合物造成的生态和人类健康风险大于个体风险。总体而言，在研究区观察到磺胺类药物造成的生态和人类健康风险。
Sulfonamide antibiotics are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). These CECs raise considerable alarm because they are commonly present in water environments. Studies on the environmental existence of CECs in karst areas of Guilin (Southern China) have yet to be reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence, temporal and spatial distributions of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of four major aquatic environments (i.e., aquafarm water, ditch water, wetland water, and groundwater) in the Huixian karst wetland system of Guilin. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the ecological and human health risks of individual sulfonamides and their mixtures. Ten sulfonamides (i.e., sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline) were observed in the study area. The highest average concentrations of aquafarm water, ditch water, wetland water, and groundwater were those of sulfadiazine (48.24 μg/L), sulfamethoxypyridazine (1281.50 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole (51.14 μg/L), and sulfamethazine (20.06 μg/L), respectively. The potential ecological risks of the detected compounds were much higher in ditch water than in aquafarm water, wetland water, and groundwater. The most ecological risks were observed for sulfachloropyridazine with a risk quotient (RQ) reaching 335.5 to green algae and 152 toDaphnia magnain ditch water. Similarly, sulfachloropyridazine posed the highest ecological risks to green algae among the ten sulfonamides in aquafarm water (RQ = 3.39), wetland water (RQ = 2.98), and groundwater (RQ = 3.6). Human health risk for age groups<12 months was observed from sulfonamide in drinking groundwater. Ecological and human health risks caused by sulfonamide mixtures were larger than the individual risks. Overall, ecological and human health risks caused by sulfonamides were observed in the study area.