SEAL RESPONSES TO AIRGUN SOUNDS DURING SUMMER SEISMIC SURVEYS IN THE ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA
SEAL RESPONSES TO AIRGUN SOUNDS DURING SUMMER SEISMIC SURVEYS IN THE ALASKAN BEAUFORT SEA
复制标题
阿拉斯加波弗特海夏季地震调查期间海豹对气枪声音的反应
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richardson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Ross;Harris;G. Miller;W.;John;Richardson
1996年7月至9月，在阿拉斯加北方近海地震项目期间，对海豹的数量、目击距离和行为进行了研究。我们从地震船上观察了885.6小时，包括气枪工作的所有时期（白天和黑夜）和许多没有气枪的时期。在观察到的422只海豹中，有421只是在白天观察到的; 91-8%是环斑海豹，7.3%是须斑海豹，0.9%是斑海豹。约有79%的观测对象在距船250 m以内首次被观测到，而在横向距离> 50 m时观测率迅速下降。在白天，海豹在没有气枪射击、一个气枪射击和8-11个120英寸3气枪的“全阵列”期间以几乎相同的速度（0.60-0.63/ h）被看到。然而，在全阵列地震期间，密封件倾向于远离（P < 0.0001）。在全阵列地震期间，部分避开了距离船<150 m的区域，但海豹显然没有移动太多超过250 m。“游走”是更常见的全阵列比没有气枪期间，但相对频率的五个行为之间的距离类别没有显着差异。当在安全半径（150-250米）内发现海豹时，气枪作业中断了112次。国家海洋渔业局在为该项目颁发的偶然骚扰授权中规定了这些半径;它们基于宽带接收电平的190 dB re 1 μPa（rms）标准。估计可能受到地震程序影响的密封件数量的方法，并讨论了监测和缓解的有效性。迫切需要更多关于强地震脉冲对密封物影响的数据。
Numbers, sighting distances, and behavior of seals were studied during a nearshore seismic program off northern Alaska in July-September 1996. We observed from the seismic vessel for 885.6 h, including all periods (day and night) when airguns operated and many periods without airguns. Of 422 seals seen, 421 were seen in daylight; 91-8% were ringed seals, 7.3% were bearded seals, and 0.9% were spotted seals. About 79% were first seen within 250 m of the seismic boat, and sighting rate declined rapidly at lateral distances > 50 m. During daylight, seals were seen at nearly identical rates (0.60-0.63/ h) during periods with no airguns firing, one airgun, and a “full-array” of 8-11 120-in3 airguns. However, seals tended to be farther away (P < 0.0001) during full-array seismic. There was partial avoidance of the zone <150 m from the boat during full-array seismic, but seals apparently did not move much beyond 250 m. “Swimming away” was more common during full-array than no-airgun periods, but relative frequencies of five behaviors did not differ significantly among distance categories. Airgun operations were interrupted 112 times when seals were sighted within safety radii (150–250 m). The National Marine Fisheries Service specified these radii in the Incidental Harassment Authorization issued for the project; they are based on a 190 dB re 1 μPa (rms) criterion for broadband received level. Methods for estimating numbers of seals potentially affected by the seismic program are described, and effectiveness of monitoring and mitigation is discussed. There is an urgent need for more data on effects of strong seismic pulses on seals.