The intersection of energy and justice: Modeling the spatial, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterns of urban residential heating consumption and efficiency in Detroit, Michigan
The intersection of energy and justice: Modeling the spatial, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic patterns of urban residential heating consumption and efficiency in Detroit, Michigan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.028
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发表时间：
2017-05-15
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Keoleian, Gregory A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bednar, Dominic J.;Reames, Tony Gerard;Keoleian, Gregory A.
住宅节能和能效项目是减少能耗和提高可负担性的战略干预措施。然而，无法识别和区分高能源消费者和高能效家庭导致了无效的计划目标。此外，对城市居民能源消耗和效率的空间、种族和社会经济格局了解甚少。美国能源信息署和美国人口普查局的公开数据与自下而上的建模和小区域估计技术一起用于预测密歇根州底特律（韦恩县）人口普查区水平的平均年供暖消耗和能源使用强度（EUI），这是一种能源效率代理。利用地理信息系统，结果显示了能源消耗和EUI的空间差异。双变量分析显示，种族/民族与能源消耗之间没有统计关系；然而，EUI与种族/民族构成相关；白人（- 0.28%），非裔美国人（0.24%）和西班牙裔（0.16%）。收入和住房保有与消费和效率呈负相关关系。虽然收入和住房拥有率中位数较高的地区消费水平较高（分别为0.28和0.56），但其eui水平较低（分别为-0.48和-0.38）。本研究为节能和能源效率计划提供了证据，这些计划认识到种族、民族、地方和阶级的重要性。(C) 2017 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Residential energy conservation and efficiency programs are strategic interventions to reduce consumption and increase affordability. However, the inability to identify and distinguish between high energy consumers and highly energy inefficient households has led to ineffective program targeting. Additionally, little is known about the spatial, racial and socioeconomic patterns of urban residential energy consumption and efficiency. Publicly available data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and the U.S. Census Bureau are used with bottom-up modeling and small-area estimation techniques to predict mean annual heating consumption and energy use intensity (EUI), an energy efficiency proxy, at the census block group level in Detroit (Wayne County), Michigan. Using geographic information systems, results illustrate spatial disparities in energy consumption and EUI. Bivariate analysis show no statistical relationship between race/ethnicity and energy consumption; however, EUI is correlated with racial/ethnic makeup; percent White (-0.28), African American (0.24) and Hispanic (0.16). Income and housing tenure reveal inverse relationships with consumption and efficiency. Though areas with higher median incomes and homeownership exhibited higher consumption (0.28 and 0.56, respectively), they had lower EUIs (-0.48 and -0.38, respectively). This study provides evidence supporting approaches for conservation and energy efficiency program targeting that recognizes the significance of race, ethnicity, place and class. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.