Neural Mechanisms of Credit Assignment in a Multicue Environment
Neural Mechanisms of Credit Assignment in a Multicue Environment
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3159-15.2016
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发表时间：
2016-01-27
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Rushworth, Matthew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akaishi, Rei;Kolling, Nils;Rushworth, Matthew
在复杂的环境中，许多潜在的线索可以指导决策或被分配对决策结果负责。然而，我们对人类和动物如何选择应该指导行为的相关信息源知之甚少。我们发现，受试者通过选择一个线索及其与特定结果的关联作为假设的主要焦点来解决这种关联性选择和信用分配问题。为了做到这一点，我们在使用任务设计的同时检查了学习，该任务设计允许我们在逐个试验的基础上估计每个受试者的假设的重点。当预测被结果证实时，结果的信用被分配给该线索，而不是替代。内侧额叶皮质的活动与对线索的分配有关，而线索是假说的主要焦点。然而，当结果与预测不符时，焦点会在线索之间转移，结果的功劳会被分配给另一种线索。这种重新选择信用分配到另一条线索的过程与外侧眶前皮质有关。
In complex environments, many potential cues can guide a decision or be assigned responsibility for the outcome of the decision. We know little, however, about how humans and animals select relevant information sources that should guide behavior. We show that subjects solve this relevance selection and credit assignment problem by selecting one cue and its association with a particular outcome as the main focus of a hypothesis. To do this, we examined learning while using a task design that allowed us to estimate the focus of each subject's hypotheses on a trial-by-trial basis. When a prediction is confirmed by the outcome, then credit for the outcome is assigned to that cue rather than an alternative. Activity in medial frontal cortex is associated with the assignment of credit to the cue that is the main focus of the hypothesis. However, when the outcome disconfirms a prediction, the focus shifts between cues, and the credit for the outcome is assigned to an alternative cue. This process of reselection for credit assignment to an alternative cue is associated with lateral orbitofrontal cortex.