Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence
Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579408000588
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Zelazo, P. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crone, Eveline A.;Bullens, L.;Zelazo, P. D.
尽管假设在青春期冒险行为的流行，冒险行为的实验室证据仍然很少，个体差异知之甚少。从神经科学的研究，我们测试是否风险和奖励取向的影响，青少年采取的角度时，作出危险的决定观点采择操纵线索参与者之前，每一个选择是否作出的决定是“自我”或从“其他”的角度（实验1中的实验;在实验2中的一个假设的同行）。在实验1中，我们发现在青春期的不同阶段，冒险行为的发展减少。此外，所有年龄段的人都较少做出对实验者来说有风险的选择，但在青春期早期，自我和他人之间的差异更大。在实验2中，我们发现，高感觉寻求（SS）的青少年比低SS的青少年作出更危险的选择，但两组作出类似的分化为其他个人（低风险或高风险的同龄人）。总之，研究结果表明，年轻的青少年和高SS青少年为自己做出更危险的选择，但可以理解，其他人可能会做出更少的风险选择。国家决策与情绪化、冲动决策的发展变化可能部分反映了将他人观点更有效地整合到自己的决策中。这些发展的结果进行了讨论，关于大脑系统的重要风险承担和观点。
Despite the assumed prevalence of risk-taking behavior in adolescence, the laboratory evidence of risk taking remains scarce, and the individual variation poorly understood. Drawing from neuroscience studies, we tested whether risk and reward orientation are influenced by the perspective that adolescents take when making risky decisions Perspective taking was manipulated by cuing participants prior to each choice whether the decision was made for "self" or from the perspective of an "other" (the experiment in Experiment 1; a hypothetical peer in Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we show a developmental decrease in risk-taking behavior across different stages of adolescence. In addition, all age groups made fewer risky choices for the experimenter, but the difference between self and other was larger in early adolescence. In Experiment 2, we show that high sensation-seeking (SS) adolescents make more risky choices than low SS adolescents, but both groups make a similar differentiation for other individuals (low risk-taking or high risk-taking peers). Together, the results show that younger adolescents and high SS adolescents make more risky choices for themselves, but can appreciate that others may make fewer risky choices. The developmental change toward more national decisions versus emotional, impulsive decisions may reflect, in part, more efficient integration of others perspectives into one's decision making. These developmental results are discussed regarding brain systems important for risk taking and perspective taking.