The Xenopus oocyte:: System for the study of functional expression and modulation of proteins
The Xenopus oocyte:: System for the study of functional expression and modulation of proteins
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DOI：
10.1002/mnfr.200400104
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Minier, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sigel, E;Minier, F
为什么非洲爪蟾卵母细胞与食品技术有关？它能提供什么？非洲爪蟾卵母细胞是一种常用的功能性表达系统，尤其是质膜蛋白的表达。它允许将DNA或RNA形式的遗传信息转化为编码的蛋白质，然后可以研究其功能及其功能的调节。一方面，它可以帮助表征营养成分或其分解产物的运输系统。另一方面，它可以作为一个模型系统，用于研究食物成分或其代谢产物对特定蛋白质功能的调节。非洲爪蟾卵母细胞可以很容易地从实验室饲养的雌性动物中获得。感兴趣的蛋白质表达在这个系统中，是很容易获得的实验。除了这个特定的应用程序的表达系统的食品technologists，各种其他用途的非洲爪蟾卵母细胞进行了审查。主要应用是结构-功能研究，其中在分子生物学水平上的变化的结果在蛋白质功能水平上观察。延伸是将非天然氨基酸残基引入蛋白质中。通过所谓的表达克隆已经鉴定了许多受体和载体，其中特定功能导致鉴定编码负责该功能的蛋白质的cDNA。非洲爪蟾卵母细胞也有助于我们了解遗传疾病，其中异常蛋白质携带点突变。这些突变蛋白的功能已经与“健康”的亲本蛋白进行了比较，
Why is the Xenopus oocyte relevant for food technology? What can it offer? The oocyte from Xenopus laevis is an often-used functional expression system, especially for plasma membrane proteins. It allows the transformation of genetic information in the form of DNA or RNA into the encoded protein whose function and the modulation of its function can then be studied. On one hand it can serve to help in the characterization of transport systems for nutritional components or their breakdown products. On the other hand it can serve as a model system for the study of modulation of a defined protein function by food ingredients or its metabolites. The Xenopus oocytes can easily be obtained from female animals kept in the laboratory. Proteins of interest are expressed in this system that is easily accessible to experimentation.Beside this specific application of the expression system for food technologists, a variety of additional uses of the Xenopus oocyte is reviewed. Major applications are structure-function studies where the consequence of changes at the level of molecular biology are observed at the level of protein function. An extension is the introduction of unnatural amino acid residues into proteins. Many receptors and carriers have been identified by the so-called expression cloning, whereby a specific function leads to identification of the cDNA coding for the protein responsible for this function. Also the Xenopus oocyte has contributed to our understanding of genetic diseases, where an abnormal protein carries a point mutation. The function of such mutated proteins has been compared with the “healthy” parent pro-