Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Van, eastern Turkey
Seismic stratigraphy of Lake Van, eastern Turkey
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土耳其东部凡湖地震地层
DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.016
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Stockhecke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krastel;Schmincke;Sumita;Çağatay;Meydan;Stockhecke
超过1500公里的多通道地震反射剖面与ICDP（国际大陆科学钻探计划）钻探数据相结合，为土耳其东部Lake Van的地层演化提供了重要的见解。三个主要盆地（Tatvan、Northern和Deveboynu盆地）构成了主要的湖泊盆地，并被形态高地（Ahlat ridge和Northern ridge）分开。北东向—西南向断裂平行于地区总体构造线，控制了整个盆地，形成了地堑和半地堑构造。通过地震地层学分析，确定了基底顶部发育良好的进积三角洲层序。最有可能的是，它们是在万湖最初的洪水中形成的。塔特万盆地沉积物以各种来源的质量流沉积为主，与未受扰动的湖泊沉积交替存在，其中包括不同的温层。沿塔特万盆地边缘的断裂可能引发了整个边缘的斜坡破坏。约340 ka - 290 ka之间，阿勒特脊开始形成。从那时起，阿赫拉特山脊由于其海拔高度而受到主要物质流的保护。因此，在整个湖泊历史中，缓慢的湖泊沉积一直盛行于Ahlat山脊，这是ICDP期间主要钻探地点的位置。东部斜坡区有明显的湖面起伏，但深层盆地长期被水覆盖。在当前湖平面以下约610 m处发现了一个显著的湖平面低林分（约600 ka BP）。湖泊的环境在30 ka左右发生了变化。构造活动明显减弱，整个塔特万盆地的物质搬运沉积减少，而正常的未受干扰的湖泊沉积盛行。从大约90ka到现在，在北部盆地发现了一个不同的环境，特别是由于大部分火山碎屑浊积岩的强烈涌入，导致沉积速率大约是3.5倍（钻探地点1），比在地点2 （Ahlat山脊）高。
More than 1500 km of multi-channel seismic reflection profiles combined with ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program) drilling data, provide important insights into the stratigraphic evolution of Lake Van, eastern Turkey. Three major basins (Tatvan, Northern and the Deveboynu basins) comprise the main lake basin and are separated by morphological highs (Ahlat ridge and Northern ridge). Moreover, NE–SW faults, parallel to the general tectonic lineament of the area, dominate the entire basin and are in charge of creating graben and half-graben structures. Well-developed prograding deltaic sequences on top of the basement were recognized by seismic stratigraphy analysis. Most likely, they formed during the initial flooding of Lake Van ∼600 ka. The Tatvan basin sediments are dominated by mass-flow deposits of various origins alternating with undisturbed lacustrine sediments including distinct tephra layers. Faulting along the Tatvan basin margins may have triggered margin-wide slope failures. Ahlat ridge started to form between ca 340 ka–290 ka. Since then, Ahlat ridge was sheltered from major mass-flows due to its elevation. Hence, slow lacustrine sedimentation has prevailed throughout lake history on Ahlat ridge, which was the location of the main drill site during the ICDP. Several lake level fluctuations are evident on the eastern slope area but the deep basins were permanently covered by water. A significant lake-level low stand (ca 600 ka BP) was found at ∼610 m below present lake level. The setting of the lake changed at about 30 ka. Tectonic activity appears to have waned significantly as the mass-transport deposition decreased across the Tatvan basin while normal undisturbed lacustrine sedimentation prevailed. A different setting is found in the Northern basin from ca 90 ka to Present, especially due to the strong influx of mostly volcaniclastic turbidites causing sedimentation rates to be about 3.5 times higher (drill Site 1), than at Site 2 (Ahlat ridge).
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