Toward an Instructionally Oriented Theory of Example-Based Learning
Toward an Instructionally Oriented Theory of Example-Based Learning
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DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12086
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Renkl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Renkl
从例子中学习是获得初始认知技能的一种非常有效的手段。关于这种学习方法的具体细节，有大量的研究。本文提出了一个基于示例的学习理论，它整合了三个研究领域的理论假设和研究结果：从工作示例中学习，观察学习和类比推理。这一理论具有描述性和规定性的成分。描述性子理论涉及（a）实例的相关性和有效性，（B）技能获得的阶段，以及（c）学习过程。规定性子理论提出了教学原则，使充分利用基于实例的学习的潜力成为可能。
Learning from examples is a very effective means of initial cognitive skill acquisition. There is an enormous body of research on the specifics of this learning method. This article presents an instructionally oriented theory of example-based learning that integrates theoretical assumptions and findings from three research areas: learning from worked examples, observational learning, and analogical reasoning. This theory has descriptive and prescriptive elements. The descriptive subtheory deals with (a) the relevance and effectiveness of examples, (b) phases of skill acquisition, and (c) learning processes. The prescriptive subtheory proposes instructional principles that make full exploitation of the potential of example-based learning possible.