Stable isotopic analysis of human bones from Jiahu site, Henan, China : implications for the transition to agriculture
Stable isotopic analysis of human bones from Jiahu site, Henan, China : implications for the transition to agriculture
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2006.01.007
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发表时间：
2006-09
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Yaowu Hu;S. Ambrose;Changsui Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yaowu Hu;S. Ambrose;Changsui Wang
我们利用人骨中胶原和磷灰石的稳定同位素分析，研究了中国河南贾湖遗址在向农业过渡过程中生存方式的变化。在黄河流域干旱的高纬度地区，谷子农业是有据可查的，而在长江流域湿润的低纬度地区，水稻农业占主导地位。新石器时代早期的贾湖遗址位于干旱的北部和潮湿的南部之间的边界附近。古植物学证据表明，水稻是贾湖地区重要的食物成分，但其δ 13 C值与其他食物相似，因此无法通过碳同位素分析确定。狐尾草和黍是中国新石器时代已知的唯一C4作物。由于它们的δ 13 C值较高，可以通过人骨的稳定碳同位素分析来评估它们的消耗量。胶原蛋白主要反映膳食蛋白质的δ 13 C值，磷灰石准确地记录了整个膳食的δ 13 C值。对三个时期的15个保存完好的样本进行同位素分析表明，几乎所有个体的胶原蛋白δ 13 C值都很低，这表明C3为基础的食物占主导地位。然而，磷灰石碳酸盐δ 13 C值以及胶原蛋白和磷灰石之间的δ 13 C间距（Δ 13 Cap-co）表明小米可能是该地区饮食的次要成分。消耗最少量动物蛋白质的个体，如低δ 15 N所示，通常具有最高的磷灰石δ 13 C值。这一解释需要贾湖粟的古植物学证据来支持。全新世早期的降雨量增加可能有利于水稻种植，而全新世中期的干燥气候可能有利于谷子种植。然而，在9000 - 7800 BP贾湖没有观察到明显的历时趋势。因此，需要从贾湖和其他地点的每个阶段的大量个人来评估新石器时代饮食的时间趋势，以及它们与气候变化和社会因素的关系。
We have investigated change in subsistence during the transition to agriculture in the site of Jiahu, Henan Province, China, using stable isotopic analysis of collagen and apatite in human bones. Millet agriculture is well documented at drier high latitudes of the Yellow River Valley, while rice agriculture predominated at wetter lower latitudes of the Yangtze Valley region. The early Neolithic site of Jiahu lies near the boundary between the drier north and wetter south. Archaeobotanical evidence shows that rice was a significant component of diet at Jiahu, but its δ13C value is similar to that of other foods, and therefore cannot be conclusively identified by carbon isotope analysis. Foxtail and broomcorn millets are the only C4crops known for the Chinese Neolithic. Because of their high δ13C values, their consumption can be evaluated by stable carbon isotope analysis of human bone. Collagen reflects mainly the δ13C value of dietary protein, and apatite accurately records that of the whole diet. Isotopic analysis of 15 well-preserved samples from three periods shows that collagen δ13C values were very low for almost all individuals, suggesting C3-based foods dominated their diets. However, apatite carbonate δ13C values and δ13C spacing between collagen and apatite (Δ13Cap-co) indicate that millet may have been a minor component of the diet in this region. Individuals, who consumed the smallest amounts of animal protein, as indicated by low δ15N, generally had the highest apatite δ13C values. Archaeobotanical evidence for millet at Jiahu is needed to support this interpretation. Higher rainfall during the early Holocene may have favored rice agriculture, and the drier climate of the middle Holocene may have favored millets cultivation. However, no clear diachronic trends were observed between 9000 and 7800 BP at Jiahu. Therefore larger numbers of individuals from each phase at Jiahu and other sites are needed to evaluate temporal trends in Neolithic diet, and their relation to climate change, and social factors.