Impact of genetic variation on metabolic response of bone to diet
Impact of genetic variation on metabolic response of bone to diet
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DOI：
10.1079/pns2003308
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Cashman, KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cusack, S;Cashman, KD
有令人信服的证据表明，骨骼发育到成熟时的峰值骨量和随后的损失取决于遗传，激素，环境和营养因素之间的相互作用。骨转换和骨密度的年龄特异性变化的主要部分（小于或等于80%）是由遗传决定的。然而，遗传决定因素的概念是没有什么价值的，除非参与的特定基因可以被识别。骨质疏松症研究领域的大多数工作都集中在候选基因方法上，该方法已经确定了骨质疏松症的几个候选基因，包括编码维生素D受体（VDR）、雌激素受体（α和β）、载脂蛋白E、I型胶原蛋白α I和亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶的基因等。然而，在一般情况下，从这些基因和各种骨骼变量之间的关联的许多研究结果一直不一致。除了可能的基因-基因相互作用之外，这些基因与某些环境因素（尤其是营养）之间可能存在相互作用，这些因素可能介导骨相关表型的表达。虽然这些潜在的相互作用增加了我们对这些明显的遗传对骨骼的影响的理解的复杂性，但在不了解其与营养素相互作用的情况下识别遗传因素的作用对促进骨质疏松症的预防和治疗几乎没有帮助。这一信息尤其重要，因为与基因型不同，饮食和营养可以改变。本综述的目的是批判性地评估目前的知识与骨质疏松症的候选基因，特别强调它们的相互作用与营养素和饮食因素，在确定骨骼健康。
There is compelling evidence to suggest that both the development of bone to peak bone mass at maturity and subsequent loss depend on the interaction between genetic, hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors. The major part (less than or equal to80%) of the age-specific variation in bone turnover and bone density is genetically determined. However, the notion of genetic determinant is of little value unless the specific genes that are involved can be identified. Most work in this area of osteoporosis research has focused on the candidate gene approach, which has identified several candidate genes for osteoporosis, including genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR), oestrogen receptors (alpha and beta), apolipoprotein E, collagen type I alpha I and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, amongst many others. However, in general, findings from numerous studies of the association between such genes and various bone variables have been inconsistent. In addition to possible gene-gene interactions it is likely that there are interactions between these genes and certain environmental factors, especially nutrition, that may mediate expression of bone-related phenotypes. While these potential interactions add a level of complexity to our understanding of these apparent genetic effects on bone, identification of a role for genetic factors without knowledge of their interaction with nutrients can do little to advance prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This information is especially important because, unlike genotype, diet and nutrition can be modified. The aim of the present review is to critically evaluate current knowledge relating to candidate genes for osteoporosis, with particular emphasis on their interaction with nutrients and dietary factors in determining bone health.