Inhalational exposure to nerve agents.
Inhalational exposure to nerve agents.
复制标题
吸入接触神经毒剂。
DOI：
10.1016/s1078-5337(03)00049-2
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Roop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Niven;S. Roop
呼吸系统在神经毒剂毒性的发病机制中起着重要作用。它是神经毒剂蒸气进入和吸收的主要途径，呼吸衰竭是接触后最常见的死亡原因。呼吸道症状是由化学刺激、毒蕈碱和烟碱受体过度刺激以及中枢神经系统影响介导的。最近的袭击表明，大多数接触孤立蒸气的患者几乎立即出现呼吸道症状。大多数患者仅出现轻微且短暂的呼吸系统影响，而那些确实出现严重呼吸系统损害的患者则迅速出现这种情况。这些观察结果对大规模伤亡情况下的患者分类具有重大影响，因为仅轻度至中度接触神经毒剂蒸气的患者不需要净化，并且在初始解毒治疗后不太可能出现进行性症状。有限的数据并未表明神经毒剂暴露和治疗后对呼吸系统有显着的长期影响。在针对化学袭击的任何应急准备或医疗响应计划中，提供有效的呼吸系统防护以抵御神经毒剂是至关重要的考虑因素。
The respiratory system plays a major role in the pathogenesis of nerve agent toxicity. It is the major route of entry and absorption of nerve agent vapor, and respiratory failure is the most common cause of death follow-ing exposure. Respiratory symptoms are mediated by chemical irritation, muscarinic and nicotinic receptor overstimulation, and central nervous system effects. Recent attacks have demonstrated that most patients with an isolated vapor exposure developed respiratory symptoms almost immediately. Most patients had only mild and transient respiratory effects, and those that did develop significant respiratory compromise did so rapidly. These observations have significant ramifications on triage of patients in a mass-casualty situation, because patients with mild-to-moderate exposure to nerve agent vapor alone do not require decontamination and are less likely to develop progressive symptoms following initial antidote therapy. Limited data do not demonstrate significant long-term respiratory effects following nerve agent exposure and treatment. Provisions for effective respiratory protection against nerve agents is a vital consideration in any emergency preparedness or health care response plan against a chemical attack.