Maxwell's disappointment and Sutton's accident
Maxwell's disappointment and Sutton's accident
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麦克斯韦的失望和萨顿的事故
DOI：
10.1088/1751-8121/aca8db
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Klein S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klein S
詹姆斯·克莱克·麦克斯韦尔创作了第一幅彩色图像，并于1861年5月在伦敦皇家学会展示了这一点，这几乎已经成为某种程度上的城市传说或互联网神话。他确实展示了一些东西，但是什么呢？在《詹姆斯·克莱克·麦克斯韦的科学论文》中，这个实验和由此产生的颜色投影被认为是失败的，几乎没有提到。托马斯·萨顿是一位久负盛名的摄影师，他的任务是使用最新的摄影过程来进行麦克斯韦的思想实验。萨顿本人是各种摄影书籍的作者，在他的任何出版物中都没有提到这项实验。再往前看1930年的《S》，出现了光化学家道格拉斯·阿瑟·斯宾塞，他接触到了原始的灯笼幻灯片，并复制了三种颜色的分色。他制作了1861年格子缎带的第一张也是唯一一张实物印刷品，我们现在到处都能看到这张彩色印刷品，这是麦克斯韦的第一张彩色照片。1961年，也就是100周年纪念日，拉尔夫·M·埃文斯在《科学美国人》上发表了一篇论文，试图解开著名的格子缎带之谜。最初的玻璃板照片是使用湿胶粉工艺制作的，这种工艺在蓝光波长范围内具有非常窄的光谱灵敏度。萨顿不可能记录在光谱的绿色和红色部分。埃文斯从一项现代材料的实验中推断，萨顿可能记录了格子带红色部分的紫外线反射，并“意外”呈现为红色幻灯片，由此产生的图像可以被认为是“假彩色”图像。现在，在第一次实验160年后，我们正在探索和执行关于湿板胶棉的一些材料和技术真理，以及实际上可能记录了什么，为什么麦克斯韦尔和萨顿都认为实验是这样的失败，而世界上其他人没有。
It has almost become somewhat of an urban legend or internet myth that James Clerk Maxwell created the first colour image and had demonstrated this at the Royal Institution in London in May 1861. He did present something, but what? In'The scientific papers of James Clerk Maxwell'the experiment and resulting colour projection was regarded as a failure and barely mentioned. Thomas Sutton, a well-established and respected photographer, was tasked with carrying out Maxwell's thought-experiment using the latest photographic processes. Sutton, himself author of various books on photography, does not mention the experiment in any of his publications. Move forward to the 1930's and enter the photo-chemist Douglas Arthur Spencer, who gained access to the original lanternslides and made copies of the three colour separations. He made the first and only physical print of the 1861 tartan ribbon and it is this colour print that we now see everywhere as Maxwell's first colour photograph. In 1961, the 100th anniversary, Ralph M Evans published a paper in Scientific American trying to solve the riddle of the famous tartan ribbon. The original glass plate photographs were made using the wet-collodion process which has a very narrow spectral sensitivity centered in the blue light wavelength. Sutton could not have recorded in the green and red part of the spectrum. Evans deduced from an experiment with modern materials that Sutton had possibly recorded the ultraviolet reflection present in the red of the tartan ribbon and'accidently'presenting itself as the red slide and the resulting image can be considered a'false colour'image. Now, 160 yr since that first experiment, we are exploring and executing some of the material and technical truths about wet-plate collodion and what might have actually been recorded and why is it that both Maxwell and Sutton regarded the experiment such a failure, but the rest of the world did not.