Two ascomycete classes based on fruiting-body characters and ribosomal DNA sequence.
Two ascomycete classes based on fruiting-body characters and ribosomal DNA sequence.
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040719
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发表时间：
1992-03
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
M. Berbee;John W. Taylor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Berbee;John W. Taylor
20年来，传统的基于子实体的子囊菌分类一直受到攻击。子实体的类型可以趋同，现在很少有研究人员认为，无论是封闭的子实体（闭壳菌）的特点，类Plectomycetes或瓶形子实体（壳菌）的特点，类Pyrenomycetes是稳定的，统一的字符。除非我们确定了主要子囊菌群的特征，否则子囊菌的目仍然是狭义的，超序分类是不可能的。我们对9种子囊菌的18 S rDNA的两条链进行了测序，并将GenBank中的三条序列加入到我们的分析中。从1,700 bp的DNA序列数据中的162个信息位点推断，并使用酵母作为外群，将真菌分为两组，与子实体类型和传统的类Plectomycetes和Pyrenomycetes都有很好的相关性。每一组都得到了有力的统计支持。产生闭囊霉的属，如篮状菌属（具有青霉属无性状态）和人类病原体荚膜放线菌属（引起组织胞浆菌病），属于丛菌属。丛菌门还包括白绒头菌（Eremascus albus）和蜜蜂病原体蜜蜂囊腔菌（Ascosphaera apis），尽管两者都缺乏典型的子实体。荷兰榆树病害真菌与核菌纲如脉孢菌属（Neurospora）同属一个类群，尽管它的类群级特征令人困惑。
Traditional fruiting body-based classification of ascomycetes has been under attack for 2 decades. Fruiting-body types can converge, and few researchers now assume that either the closed fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) characterizing the class Plectomycetes or the flask-shaped fruiting bodies (perithecia) characterizing the class Pyrenomycetes are stable, unifying characters. Unless we identify characters uniting major ascomycete groups, orders of ascomycetes remain narrowly defined, and supraordinal classification is impossible. We sequenced both strands of 18s rDNA from nine ascomycete fungi, adding three sequences from GenBank into our analysis. The phylogeny, inferred from 162 informative sites in 1,700 bp of DNA sequence data and using yeast as an outgroup, divided the fungi into two groups correlating well both with fruiting-body type and with the traditional classes Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes. Each group received strong statistical support. Genera producing cleistothecia, such as Talaromyces (with a Penicillium asexual state) and the human pathogen Ajellomyces capsulatus (causing histoplasmosis), fall within the plectomycete group. Plectomycetes also includes Eremascus albus and the bee pathogen Ascosphaera apis, although both lack typical fruiting bodies. The Dutch elm disease fungus groups with pyrenomycetes such as Neurospora, in spite of its confusing mixture of class-level characters.