Flagellar motility of the pathogenic spirochetes.
Flagellar motility of the pathogenic spirochetes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.015
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Wolgemuth CW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolgemuth CW
细菌病原体通常根据其毒性和侵袭性进行分类。特定细菌的侵入性取决于该细菌侵入宿主广泛组织的能力。在哺乳动物病原体中，一些最具侵袭性的病原体来自螺旋体细菌，它们会引起梅毒、莱姆病、回归热和钩端螺旋体病等疾病。大多数螺旋体的特点是其独特的形状和独特的运动能力。它们是细长的细菌，形状可以像平波、螺旋，或者具有更不规则的形态。与许多其他细菌一样，螺旋体使用称为鞭毛的长螺旋状附属物来移动。然而，螺旋体将其鞭毛包围在周质中，周质是内膜和外膜之间的狭窄空间。周质中鞭毛的旋转导致整个细胞体旋转和/或波动。细菌的这些变形产生了驱动这些生物体运动的力量，正是这种独特的运动能力可能使这些细菌对哺乳动物具有高度侵袭性。这篇综述将描述这些生物体的运动性和生物物理学的知识现状，并提供证据说明这些知识如何帮助我们了解螺旋体疾病。
Bacterial pathogens are often classified by their toxicity and invasiveness. The invasiveness of a given bacterium is determined by how capable the bacterium is at invading a broad range of tissues in its host. Of mammalian pathogens, some of the most invasive come from a group of bacteria known as the spirochetes, which cause diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever and leptospirosis. Most of the spirochetes are characterized by their distinct shapes and unique motility. They are long, thin bacteria that can be shaped like flat-waves, helices, or have more irregular morphologies. Like many other bacteria, the spirochetes use long, helical appendages known as flagella to move; however, the spirochetes enclose their flagella in the periplasm, the narrow space between the inner and outer membranes. Rotation of the flagella in the periplasm causes the entire cell body to rotate and/or undulate. These deformations of the bacterium produce the force that drives the motility of these organisms, and it is this unique motility that likely allows these bacteria to be highly invasive in mammals. This review will describe the current state of knowledge on the motility and biophysics of these organisms and provide evidence on how this knowledge can inform our understanding of spirochetal diseases.