Appetitive and aversive social learning with living and dead conspecifics in crickets
Appetitive and aversive social learning with living and dead conspecifics in crickets
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-66399-7
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发表时间：
2020-06-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Mizunami, Makoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ebina, Hiroki;Mizunami, Makoto
许多动物从同种生物中获得重要的生物学信息。社会学习已经在许多动物身上得到了证明，但很少有适合于详细分析其联想过程的实验范式。我们在控制良好的刺激安排下，建立了蟋蟀（Gryllus bimaculatus）对活的和死的同种生物的食欲和厌恶的社会学习程序。一只口渴的示范蟋蟀被放在一个示范房间里，允许它参观两个装有水或盐水、散发苹果或香蕉气味的饮水装置，而一只口渴的学习者被允许通过一个网观察示范房间。在训练后的测试中，学习者更喜欢演示者待在的装有水的设备的气味。当把一只死蟋蟀放在其中一个装置上时，学习者避开了那个装置的气味。进一步的实验表明，活的同虫可以通过视觉或嗅觉线索来识别食欲性社会学习，而识别死的同虫则需要嗅觉线索来识别厌恶性社会学习，并且不同的联想过程是与活的和死的同虫进行社会学习的基础。这里描述的实验范式将为社会学习的神经基础的详细研究铺平道路。
Many animals acquire biologically important information from conspecifics. Social learning has been demonstrated in many animals, but there are few experimental paradigms that are suitable for detailed analysis of its associative processes. We established procedures for appetitive and aversive social learning with living and dead conspecifics in well-controlled stimulus arrangements in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. A thirsty demonstrator cricket was released in a demonstrator room and allowed to visit two drinking apparatuses that contained water or saltwater and emitted apple or banana odour, and a thirsty learner was allowed to observe the demonstrator room through a net. In the post-training test, the learner preferred the odour of the water-containing apparatus at which the demonstrator stayed. When a dead cricket was placed on one of the two apparatuses, the learner avoided the odour of that apparatus. Further experiments suggested that a living conspecific can be recognized by either visual or olfactory cues for appetitive social learning, whereas olfactory cues are needed to recognize a dead conspecific for aversive social learning, and that different associative processes underlie social learning with living and dead conspecifics. The experimental paradigms described here will pave the way for detailed research on the neural basis of social learning.