Strong mutagenic effects of diesel engine emissions using vegetable oil as fuel
Strong mutagenic effects of diesel engine emissions using vegetable oil as fuel
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DOI：
10.1007/s00204-007-0196-3
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Bruening, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buenger, Juergen;Krahl, Juergen;Bruening, Thomas
柴油机排放物（DEE）被列为可能对人类致癌的物质。近年来，人们努力减少DEE及其中致癌性和诱变性多环芳香族化合物的含量。自1995年以来，我们在几项研究中观察到由重新配制或新设计的燃料驱动的DEE致突变性明显降低。最近，由于经济原因，在德国的运输企业和农业中，菜籽油作为柴油发动机燃料的使用正在迅速增加。我们比较了两种不同批次菜籽油（RSO）中的DEE与菜籽油甲酯（RME，生物柴油）、天然气衍生合成燃料（气转液，GTL）和参考柴油（DF）的诱变效果。测试发动机是一台运行欧洲固定循环的重型卡车柴油发动机。废气中的颗粒物被取样到聚四氟乙烯涂层的玻璃纤维过滤器上，并在索氏装置中用二氯甲烷提取。气相组分作为凝析物取样。采用鼠伤寒沙门菌/哺乳动物微粒体实验，检测菌株TA98和TA100，检测颗粒提取物和凝聚物的致突变性。与DF相比，两种RSO品质显著提高了颗粒提取物的诱变效应，在TA98和TA100中分别提高了9.7 ~ 59倍和5.4 ~ 22.3倍。RSO燃料凝析物的致突变性比参比燃料强13.5倍。RME提取物对具有代谢激活的TA98和未具有代谢激活的TA100具有中等但显著更高的诱变反应。GTL样本与DF样本无显著差异。总之，与参考DF和其他燃料相比，使用RSO作为柴油燃料的突变性大大增加，这引起了人们对未来使用这种生物资源作为现有柴油燃料替代品的深切关注。
Diesel engine emissions (DEE) are classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. In recent years every effort was made to reduce DEE and their content of carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds. Since 1995 we observed an appreciable reduction of mutagenicity of DEE driven by reformulated or newly designed fuels in several studies. Recently, the use of rapeseed oil as fuel for diesel engines is rapidly growing among German transportation businesses and agriculture due to economic reasons. We compared the mutagenic effects of DEE from two different batches of rapeseed oil (RSO) with rapeseed methyl ester (RME, biodiesel), natural gas derived synthetic fuel (gas-to-liquid, GTL), and a reference diesel fuel (DF). The test engine was a heavy-duty truck diesel running the European Stationary Cycle. Particulate matter from the exhaust was sampled onto PTFE-coated glass fibre filters and extracted with dichloromethane in a soxhlet apparatus. The gas phase constituents were sampled as condensates. The mutagenicity of the particle extracts and the condensates was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome assay with tester strains TA98 and TA100. Compared to DF the two RSO qualities significantly increased the mutagenic effects of the particle extracts by factors of 9.7 up to 59 in tester strain TA98 and of 5.4 up to 22.3 in tester strain TA100, respectively. The condensates of the RSO fuels caused an up to factor 13.5 stronger mutagenicity than the reference fuel. RME extracts had a moderate but significant higher mutagenic response in assays of TA98 with metabolic activation and TA100 without metabolic activation. GTL samples did not differ significantly from DF. In conclusion, the strong increase of mutagenicity using RSO as diesel fuel compared to the reference DF and other fuels causes deep concern on future usage of this biologic resource as a replacement of established diesel fuels.