Cholesterol Biosynthesis: A Mechanistic Overview
Cholesterol Biosynthesis: A Mechanistic Overview
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00342
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发表时间：
2016-10-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fernandes, P. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cerqueira, Nuno M. F. S. A.;Oliveira, Eduardo F.;Fernandes, P. A.
胆固醇是细胞膜的重要组成部分，也是合成类固醇激素和胆汁酸的前体。这种分子的合成部分发生在一个膜的世界（特别是最后的步骤），其中涉及的酶，底物和产物往往是非常疏水的。在过去的半个世纪里，胆固醇的重要性有所增加，因为它与心血管疾病有关，心血管疾病被认为是全球死亡的主要原因之一。鉴于目前对能够控制血液中胆固醇水平的新药的需求，了解胆固醇如何在生物体中合成是很重要的。并确定参与这一过程的主要酶。考虑到这一点，这篇综述详细介绍了几种参与胆固醇生物合成的酶。在这方面;从最初的二碳乙酰辅酶A结构单元开始，对参与胆固醇生物合成的酶的结构和催化机制进行综述，并讨论它们目前的药理学重要性。我们相信，这一审查可能有助于更深层次的了解胆固醇代谢，它将作为一个有用的资源，为未来的研究胆固醇生物合成途径。
Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and-bile acids. The synthesis of this molecule-occurs partially in a membranous world (especially the last steps), where the enzymes, substrates, and products involved tend to be extremely hydrophobic. The importance of cholesterol has increased in the past half-century because of its association with cardiovascular-diseases, which are considered one,of the leading causes of death worldwide. In light of the current need for new drugs capable of controlling the levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream, it is important to understand how cholesterol is synthesized in the organism. and identify the main enzymes involved in this process. Taking this into account, this review presents a detailed description of several enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. In this regard; the structure and catalytic mechanism of the enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, from the initial two-carbon acetyl-CoA building block, wilt be reviewed and their current pharmacological importance discussed. We believe that this review may contribute to a deeper level of understanding of cholesterol metabolism and that it will serve as a useful resource for future studies of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.