A conjoint analysis of landholder preferences for reward-based land-management contracts in Kapingazi watershed, Eastern Mount Kenya.
A conjoint analysis of landholder preferences for reward-based land-management contracts in Kapingazi watershed, Eastern Mount Kenya.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.001
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发表时间：
2011-10
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
B. Balana;T. Yatich;Miika Mäkelä
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Balana;T. Yatich;Miika Mäkelä
不可持续的土地使用决定和农业做法已成为发展中国家流域服务恶化的主要驱动因素。然而，土地所有者在决策过程中可能很少或根本没有动力考虑这些影响。近年来，以奖励方式提供环境服务已成为一种重要的市场激励措施，可激励土地所有者采用无害环境的土地使用变化和农业做法。例如，在这方面，非洲环境服务扶贫奖励项目已成为支持和促进非洲奖励机制的一个大型网络。然而，在许多非洲农村地区，人们对土地所有者对替代性土地管理计划的态度和偏好知之甚少。使用当地确定的六个关键的土地管理属性集，本文采用联合的方法来评估土地持有人的偏好，以替代土地管理计划，旨在加强提供流域服务的Kapingazi河流域在肯尼亚中部。通过焦点小组和基于问卷的联合调查从主要来源收集数据。使用了三种联合模型：传统的联合评级模型、二进制logit模型和有序logit模型。重点小组的结果表明，家庭用水和灌溉用水短缺被认为是该地区最严重的环境问题。砍伐森林、河岸管理不善和农业做法被认为是造成这一问题的主要原因。从联合模型的结果表明，三个主要属性影响土地持有人的评级和概率，采用拟议的土地管理方案是“土地面积的大小承诺”，“合同期限的长度”，和“授予或禁止的权利，从承诺的土地收获环境产品”。因此，这些属性应该是研究区设计流域服务土地管理合同的重点。
Unsustainable land-use decisions and agricultural practices have become the key drivers of deteriorating watershed services in developing countries. However, landholders may have little or no incentives to take these impacts into account in their decision-making process. In recent years, reward-based provision of environmental services has emerged as an important market-based incentive for motivating landholders to adopt environmentally friendly land-use changes and agricultural practices. In this regard, for instance, the Pro-Poor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa (PRESA) project has emerged as a large network to support and facilitate reward mechanisms in Africa. However, in many African rural settings, little is known about landholder attitudes and preferences related to the alternative land-management schemes. Using locally identified sets of six key land-management attributes, this paper applies conjoint methods to evaluate landholder preferences towards alternative land-management schemes aimed at enhancing the provision of watershed services in the River Kapingazi catchment in central Kenya. Data were collected from primary sources through focus groups and a questionnaire based conjoint survey. Three conjoint models were used; a traditional conjoint ratings model, a binary logit model, and an ordered logit model. Results from the focus groups indicated that shortage of water for both domestic use and irrigation was perceived as the most acute environmental problem in the area. Deforestation, poor river bank management and agricultural practices were identified as the major causes of the problem. Results from conjoint models show that the three principal attributes influencing landholder’s ratings and probability of adopting the proposed land management options were ‘size of land area to be committed’, ‘length of contract period’, and ‘granting or prohibiting rights to harvest environmental products from the committed land’. Thus, these attributes should be the focal points in designing land-management contract for watershed services in the study area.