When virginity matters: age and mating status affect female responsiveness in crickets
When virginity matters: age and mating status affect female responsiveness in crickets
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.11.006
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Jessie C Tanner;L. Garbe;M. Zuk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jessie C Tanner;L. Garbe;M. Zuk
动物识别、定位或区分信号的行为分析在回答一系列生物学问题方面广泛有用，但结果可能对个体的特征很敏感，包括年龄和交配状况。研究人员可能更喜欢在实验中使用年轻的、未交配的个体，一方面是为了控制交配的影响，另一方面是因为年轻的和未交配的个体可能会更频繁或更快地做出反应。在自然环境中，处女雌性的行为可能与交配过的雌性不同，特别是在储存精子以备将来使用的动物中，因为交配的成本和收益对这两个群体来说是不同的。在多次交配是常见的物种中，个体在任何给定的交配事件中至少交配一次的可能性要比它们是处女的可能性大得多，这表明在实验中使用处女受试者并不能反映大多数自然的交配决定。我们进行了文献综述，以抽样的方法，在实证研究中使用蟋蟀在趋声性分析。许多研究仅以处女为研究对象得出结论，研究方法也因受试者年龄的不同而有很大差异。然后，我们对交配状态和年龄对太平洋田鼠（teleogryllus oceanicus）雌性趋声性行为的影响进行了实证研究。我们的研究结果表明，年龄和交配状态都会影响到趋声性试验中女性反应性的一些常用测量方法：在趋声性试验中，年龄较大的女性开始更快地移动，而处女的反应潜伏期较短。这些发现与保持单身的成本随着年龄的增长而增加的观点是一致的，并且处女雌性从第一次交配中获得的好处比交配雌性从更多的交配中获得的好处要多。
Behavioural assays in which animals recognize, localize or discriminate among signals are broadly useful for answering an array of biological questions, but results can be sensitive to the characteristics of individuals, including age and mating status. Researchers may prefer to use young, unmated individuals in experiments both to control for the effects of mating and because younger and unmated individuals may respond more often or more quickly. In natural contexts, virgin females are likely to behave differently than mated females, especially in animals that store sperm for future use, because the costs and benefits of mating are different for these two groups. In species in which multiple mating is common, individuals are much more likely to have mated at least once at the time of any given mating event than they are to be virgins, suggesting the use of virgin subjects in experiments is not reflective of most natural mating decisions. We conducted a literature review to sample the methods employed in empirical studies that use crickets in phonotaxis assays. Many studies draw conclusions based only on virgins, and methods vary widely with respect to the age of individual subjects. We then conducted an empirical study of the effect of mating status and age on female phonotaxis behaviour inTeleogryllus oceanicus, the Pacific field cricket. Our results show that both age and mating status affect some commonly used measures of female responsiveness in phonotaxis assays: older females begin moving more quickly in phonotaxis tests, while virgins have shorter response latencies. These findings are consistent with the idea that the cost of remaining unmated increases with age, and that virgin females benefit from an initial mating more than mated females benefit from additional matings.