Recreating the Horizontal Magnetic Field at Colaba During the Carrington Event With Geospace Simulations

Recreating the Horizontal Magnetic Field at Colaba During the Carrington Event With Geospace Simulations
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通过地球空间模拟重现卡林顿事件期间科拉巴的水平磁场

DOI:
10.1029/2020sw002585
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Quaresima, Gary
Quaresima, Gary
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blake, Seán P.;Pulkkinen, Antti;Schuck, Peter W.;Glocer, Alex;Oliveira, Denny M.;Welling, Daniel T.;Weigel, Robert S.;Quaresima, Gary

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著名的1859年9月2日地磁扰动(或“卡林顿”事件)的一个有趣的方面是在印度科拉巴(磁纬约20°N)测量的水平磁场(BH)数据集。该场表现出超过1,600 nT的急剧下降和约1,300 nT的快速恢复,所有这些都在白天的几个小时内。这背后的机制以前被归因于磁层过程、电离层过程或两者的结合。在这项研究中,我们概述了我们使用空间天气建模框架复制这种低纬度磁场的努力。通过模拟极高压力的太阳风场景,我们可以模拟Colaba的低纬度表面磁信号。在我们的模拟中,邻近近地磁层顶的磁层电流和强的区域1场向电流是大ColabaBH的主要贡献者。在我们的模拟场景中BH的快速恢复是由于这些磁层电流的撤退,磁层膨胀,而不是环电流动态。此外,我们发现最能模拟卡林顿事件期间地表磁场观测的情景的最小计算Dst值在−431和− 1,191 nT之间,表明Dst可能不是这种事件的风暴强度的合适估计。
An intriguing aspect of the famous September 2, 1859 geomagnetic disturbance (or “Carrington” event) is the horizontal magnetic (BH) data set measured in Colaba, India (magnetic latitude approximately 20°N). The field exhibits a sharp decrease of over 1,600 nT and a quick recovery of about 1,300 nT, all within a few hours during the daytime. The mechanism behind this has previously been attributed to magnetospheric processes, ionospheric processes or a combination of both. In this study, we outline our efforts to replicate this low‐latitude magnetic field using the Space Weather Modeling Framework. By simulating an extremely high pressure solar wind scenario, we can emulate the low‐latitude surface magnetic signal at Colaba. In our simulation, magnetospheric currents adjacent to the near‐Earth magnetopause and strong Region 1 field‐aligned currents are the main contributors to the large ColabaBH. The rapid recovery ofBHin our simulated scenario is due to the retreat of these magnetospheric currents as the magnetosphere expands, as opposed to ring current dynamics. In addition, we find that the scenario that best emulated the surface magnetic field observations during the Carrington event had a minimum calculated Dst value between −431 and −1,191 nT, indicating that Dst may not be a suitable estimate of storm intensity for this kind of event.
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