Pacification Without Collective Identification: Russia and the Transatlantic Security Community in the Post-Cold War Era
Pacification Without Collective Identification: Russia and the Transatlantic Security Community in the Post-Cold War Era
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没有集体认同的绥靖：冷战后时代的俄罗斯与跨大西洋安全共同体
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Vincent Pouliot
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文献类型：
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作者：
Vincent Pouliot
安全社区的出现是否需要集体认同？从多伊奇到阿德勒和巴内特，许多著名学者都假设了这种构成关系。然而，俄罗斯-大西洋案例表明，集体认同并不是新生安全共同体出现的必要条件。在不到20年的时间里，俄罗斯与跨大西洋国家之间的关系迅速从一种根深蒂固的竞争关系转变为一种伙伴关系，这种关系由相互确保毁灭的幽灵构成，其中军事对抗的可能性已经明显减少。尽管争论和权力斗争的根源仍然比比皆是，但经验指标证明，俄罗斯-大西洋安全共同体正在形成。但调查数据也显示，俄罗斯人和西方人并没有真正认同对方。虽然缺乏“我们”肯定有助于解释冷战后俄罗斯与跨大西洋社区之间和解的显著不稳定性，但它也提醒建构主义者在研究国际和平时需要关注其他变量，而不是相互代表。作为一种前进方向，本文主张安全共同体研究的实践转向：当外交成为安全精英解决国家间争端的不言自明的实践时，和平作为一种社会事实而存在。
Does the emergence of a security community require a collective identity? This constitutive relationship has been hypothesized by prominent scholars from Deutsch to Adler & Barnett. Yet the Russian—Atlantic case shows that collective identification is not a necessary condition for a nascent security community to emerge. In less than two decades, the relationship between Russia and the transatlantic community has quickly transformed from a deep-seated rivalry structured by the specter of mutual assured destruction to a partnership in which the possibility of military confrontation has undeniably receded. Although bones of contention and power struggles continue to abound, empirical indicators attest to the emergence of a nascent Russian—Atlantic security community. But survey data also show that Russian and Western peoples do not meaningfully identify with one another. While the lack of we-ness certainly helps explain the striking instability of the post-Cold War rapprochement between Russia and the transatlantic community, it also recalls the need for constructivists to pay attention to other variables than mutual representations in the study of international peace. As a way forward, the article advocates a practice turn in the study of security communities: peace exists as a social fact when diplomacy becomes the self-evident practice among security elites to solve interstate disputes.