Hypospadias and urethral development
Hypospadias and urethral development
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5347(05)67861-5
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Baskin, LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baskin, LS
目的：尿道下裂是一种常见的先天性畸形，可以通过手术重建来治疗。在大多数情况下，病因仍然难以捉摸。虽然雄激素对阴茎发育至关重要，但雄激素代谢和/或雄激素受体缺陷只能解释一小部分尿道下裂病例。材料和方法：回顾了目前关于尿道下裂病因学的研究报道，并对尿道和阴茎形成的胚胎学和可能的机制进行了介绍。结果：提出了一种新的尿道发育理论，该理论认为尿道是通过内胚层细胞分化而形成的，从而取代了传统的外胚层侵入学说。对阴茎和尿道发育的仔细研究使我们对生殖器胚胎学有了更好的理解。未来的研究领域，如内分泌干扰物，间充质上皮细胞的相互作用和阴茎生长的机制，提出了解释尿道下裂的病因。
Purpose: Hypospadias is a common congenital anomaly that may be treated with surgical reconstruction. In the majority of cases the etiology remains elusive. Although androgens are clearly critical for penile development, defects in androgen metabolism and/or the androgen receptor explain only a small subset of cases of hypospadias. Strategies are presented for understanding the etiology of hypospadias.Materials and Methods: Current scientific reports on the etiology of hypospadias were reviewed, and the embryology and possible mechanisms of urethral and penile formation are presented.Results: A new theory of glandular human urethral development via endodermal cellular differentiation is proposed to replace the classic explanation of ectodermal intrusion.Conclusions: Careful studies of penile and urethral development have led to a better understanding of genital embryology. Future areas of study, such as endocrine disrupters, mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and mechanisms of penile growth, are proposed to explain the etiology of hypospadias.