Use and misuse of the concept of craving by alcohol, tobacco, and drug researchers.
Use and misuse of the concept of craving by alcohol, tobacco, and drug researchers.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01430.x
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Kozlowski;D. Wilkinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Kozlowski;D. Wilkinson
摘要
“渴望”一词在日常用语以及专业术语中都能见到。在日常使用中，该词指强烈的欲望或热切的渴望。近来，专业术语“渴望”的含义被延伸，涵盖了依赖者使用成瘾物质的所有倾向。一些研究人员还进一步扩展了该术语，使其包括避免使用该物质的倾向。我们认为，“渴望”在当前专业用法和日常用语中的差异在很多情况下是有问题且具有误导性的。对有关“渴望”的文献的研究表明，该概念已通过多种方式被概念化，每种方式都对合适的研究方法有影响。无论“渴望”的模式如何，我们都敦促科学家谨慎使用这样一个负载过重的术语，且仅将其用于服用药物的“强烈欲望”。否则，可能会导致作者对其研究结果夸大其词，而这种夸大是更为谨慎的用词所不支持的。
Summary ‘Craving’ is found in common usage as well as technical jargon. In ordinary use, the term refers to strong desire or intense longing. Recently the meaning of the technical term ‘craving’ has been stretched to include all dispositions of dependent persons to use the addictive substance. Some researchers have further extended the term to include dispositions to avoid the substance. We argue that the mismatch between the current technical use of ‘craving’ and its use in ordinary language is problematic and misleading in many cases. Examination of the literature on ‘craving’ reveals that the entity has been conceptualized in a variety of ways, each with implications for suitable research techniques. Whatever the model of ‘craving’, we urge scientists to be circumspect in their use of such a loaded term and to use it only for ‘strong desires’ to take drugs. To do otherwise can lead authors to make more of their findings than mould be supported by a more cautious use of words.