Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links.
Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01174.x
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发表时间：
2008-06
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Thieltges DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lafferty KD;Allesina S;Arim M;Briggs CJ;De Leo G;Dobson AP;Dunne JA;Johnson PT;Kuris AM;Marcogliese DJ;Martinez ND;Memmott J;Marquet PA;McLaughlin JP;Mordecai EA;Pascual M;Poulin R;Thieltges DW
寄生是生物体中最常见的消费策略，但直到最近才有人呼吁将传染病病原体纳入食物网。这项工作的价值取决于寄生虫是否影响食物网的特性。越来越多的证据表明，寄生虫有可能独特地改变食物网拓扑结构的链长，连通性和鲁棒性。此外，寄生虫可能会影响食物网的稳定性，相互作用的强度和能量流。食物网结构也会影响传染病的动态，因为寄生虫依赖于它们所生活的生态网络。从经验上讲，将寄生虫纳入食物网是很简单的。我们可以从现有的食物网开始，并添加寄生虫作为节点，或者我们可以尝试围绕我们已经很好地了解传染过程的系统建立食物网。在未来，也许研究人员会在构建食物网的同时加入寄生虫。不太清楚的是食物网理论如何适应寄生虫。这是理论生物学和应用数学中一个深刻而核心的问题。例如，将具有复杂生命周期的寄生虫表示为单个节点等同于将具有个体发生生态位变化的其他物种表示为单个节点吗？寄生现象是否可以纳入生态位模型等基本框架？我们能否将传染病模型整合到新兴的动态食物网建模领域？未来的进展将受益于生态学家和传染病生物学家之间的跨学科合作。
Parasitism is the most common consumer strategy among organisms, yet only recently has there been a call for the inclusion of infectious disease agents in food webs. The value of this effort hinges on whether parasites affect food-web properties. Increasing evidence suggests that parasites have the potential to uniquely alter food-web topology in terms of chain length, connectance and robustness. In addition, parasites might affect food-web stability, interaction strength and energy flow. Food-web structure also affects infectious disease dynamics because parasites depend on the ecological networks in which they live. Empirically, incorporating parasites into food webs is straightforward. We may start with existing food webs and add parasites as nodes, or we may try to build food webs around systems for which we already have a good understanding of infectious processes. In the future, perhaps researchers will add parasites while they construct food webs. Less clear is how food-web theory can accommodate parasites. This is a deep and central problem in theoretical biology and applied mathematics. For instance, is representing parasites with complex life cycles as a single node equivalent to representing other species with ontogenetic niche shifts as a single node? Can parasitism fit into fundamental frameworks such as the niche model? Can we integrate infectious disease models into the emerging field of dynamic food-web modelling? Future progress will benefit from interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and infectious disease biologists.
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影响因子：
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