Modelling urban form: A multidimensional typology of urban occupation for spatial analysis
Modelling urban form: A multidimensional typology of urban occupation for spatial analysis
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DOI：
10.1177/2399808317700140
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Patrícia Abrantes;Jorge Rocha;Eduarda Marques da Costa;E. Gomes;P. Morgado;N. Costa
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文献类型：
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作者：
Patrícia Abrantes;Jorge Rocha;Eduarda Marques da Costa;E. Gomes;P. Morgado;N. Costa
过去几十年来，关于城市形态的概念和方法论争论日益增多，人们认识到社会、经济、人口和政治进程可以促进新城市形态的发展，特别是与城市扩张相关的城市形态，并寻找替代方法来衡量它们。源于景观生态学的空间指标成为衡量城市形态的主要指标。本文提出了葡萄牙城市的城市占领类型。它使用 1990 年和 2006 年的土地利用/覆盖数据来提取建成区，并提供 5 个空间指标以及 1991 年至 2011 年文献中最常用来描述城市职业的 17 个统计指标。它使用自组织地图作为可视化工具来识别变量之间的趋势和关系并对城市进行聚类。基于自组织地图的视觉聚类，提出了葡萄牙城市的六种城市占领类型。此外，本文还讨论了使用描述葡萄牙城市的模式和特征的指标来制定空间规划决策的附加值。观察结果表明，空间指标特别适合测量城郊城市（城市扩张地区）。这些结果代表了对葡萄牙城市居住的首次多维和系统分析，并且可以成为将空间指标整合为适合空间规划分析以及在更广泛的地理范围内进行比较的指标的第一步。
The conceptual and methodological debate on urban form has grown in the last decades to recognize that social, economic, demographic and political processes can contribute to the development of new urban forms, especially those related to urban sprawl, as well as to find alternative methodologies for measuring them. Spatial metrics derived from landscape ecology arise as principal indicators to measure urban form. This paper proposes a typology of the urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities. It uses land use/cover data from 1990 and 2006 to extract built-up areas, and it presents five spatial metrics alongside seventeen statistical indicators from 1991 to 2011 most commonly used in the literature to characterize urban occupation. It uses a self-organising map as a visual tool to identify trends and relationships among variables and to cluster municipalities. Based on the self-organising map’s visual clustering, six types of urban occupation of Portuguese municipalities are proposed. In addition, the paper discusses the added value of using indicators that describe both the patterns and the characteristics of the municipalities for making spatial planning decisions in Portugal. The observed results show that spatial metrics are particularly adequate for measuring peri-urban municipalities (urban sprawl areas). These results represent the first multidimensional and systematic analysis of Portuguese urban occupation and they can be the first step in the integration of spatial metrics as indicators that are suitable for the analysis of spatial planning, and also for comparative purposes at a broader geographical scale.