Applications of nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Applications of nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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DOI：
10.1259/bjr.20150207
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kiessling F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baetke SC;Lammers T;Kiessling F
在过去的几十年中，已经开发和评估了过多的纳米颗粒，并且围绕其作为诊断和治疗剂的潜在应用已经创造了真实的炒作。尽管它们被认为是潜在的诊断剂，但到目前为止，只有一种诊断性纳米颗粒制剂，即氧化铁纳米颗粒，进入了临床常规。这一事实主要是由于难以实现适当的药代动力学性质和单分散纳米颗粒的可再现合成。此外，人们还对它们的生物降解、消除和毒性感到关切。目前临床上常规使用的大多数纳米颗粒制剂用于治疗目的。这些治疗性纳米颗粒旨在更有效地将（化学）治疗药物递送到病理部位，同时避免其在健康器官和组织中的积累，并且主要基于“增强的渗透性和保留”（EPR）效应。此外，基于它们在单个纳米颗粒制剂中整合诊断和治疗实体的能力，纳米颗粒对于治疗诊断目的具有很大的希望，并且被认为对于基于纳米医学的个性化治疗非常有用。在这篇综述文章中，我们介绍了诊断和治疗纳米颗粒的应用，总结了常用的非侵入性成像技术，并描述了EPR在纳米治疗诊断制剂积累中的作用。在这种情况下，nanotheranostics和图像引导的药物递送的个性化和改进的（化学）治疗干预的临床潜力得到解决。
During the last decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have been developed and evaluated and a real hype has been created around their potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Despite their suggestion as potential diagnostic agents, only a single diagnostic nanoparticle formulation, namely iron oxide nanoparticles, found its way into clinical routine so far. This fact is primarily due to difficulties in achieving appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and a reproducible synthesis of monodispersed nanoparticles. Furthermore, concerns exist about their biodegradation, elimination and toxicity. The majority of nanoparticle formulations that are currently routinely used in the clinic are employed for therapeutic purposes. These therapeutic nanoparticles aim to more efficiently deliver a (chemo-) therapeutic drug to the pathological site, while avoiding its accumulation in healthy organs and tissues, and are predominately based on the “enhanced permeability and retention” (EPR) effect. Furthermore, based on their ability to integrate diagnostic as well as therapeutic entities within a single nanoparticle formulation, nanoparticles hold great promise for theranostic purposes, and are considered to be highly useful for personalizing nanomedicine-based treatments. In this review article, we present applications of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles, summarize frequently used non-invasive imaging techniques, and describe the role of EPR in the accumulation of nanotheranostic formulations. In this context, the clinical potential of nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery for individualized and improved (chemo-) therapeutic interventions is addressed.