The Model of Ethnic Democracy
The Model of Ethnic Democracy
复制标题
民族民主的模式
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sammy Smooha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sammy Smooha
自由民主民族国家的经典模式正在衰落
在西方，由于全球化，区域化，多元文化，
少数群体普遍权利的制度化和少数群体的崛起
民族主义当西方国家正在使民族国家脱钩时，
并慢慢转向多元文化的民主，其他一些国家正在
巩固另一种形式的民主国家，
并服从于一个单一的民族国家这种类型的政治制度，“种族
民主”，将公民权利和政治权利扩展到所有人
永久居民与制度化的种族优势，
多数群体。核心民族控制着国家，并利用它来进一步发展
它的国家利益，并给予其成员的优惠地位。非核心
团体被赋予个人和集体权利，并被允许进行
为变革而斗争，但被视为二等公民，并被置于
控制
本文对民族民主的模式进行了全面、系统的论述，
迷你版。该模型包括三个部分：制度的特征、
导致它的情况和有助于它稳定的条件。的
对一般模式的批评，涉及其所谓的非法性，
不稳定性和低效率的问题进行了讨论和回答。民族民主是
也区别于公民民主（个人自由民主，
共和自由民主，多元文化民主，联合民主
民主），以及准民主或非民主（控制，
Herrenvolk民主，ethnocracy），另一方面。
民族民主的微型模式被详细地应用于以色列，
作为一个原型和一个跳板，为它的初步制定。是
在斯洛伐克和爱沙尼亚的一个浓缩的形式，并说明了非常
短暂地由北方爱尔兰（1921-72），波兰（1918-35）和马来西亚。
有人认为，民族民主的模式特别适用于
民主化国家试图管理其分裂的社会，
放弃结构性多数优势。中东一些国家
欧洲强烈倾向于这一战略。模型的更多应用
为了进一步发展它，需要。
The classical model of the liberal-democratic nation-state is on the decline
in the West as a result of globalization, regionalization, multiculturalism, the
institutionalization of universal minority rights and the rise of minority
ethnonationalism. While western countries are decoupling the nation-state
and slowly shifting toward multicultural democracy, some other countries are
consolidating an alternative form of a democratic state that is identified with
and subservient to a single ethnic nation. This type of political regime, “ethnic
democracy,” combines the extension of civil and political rights for all
permanent residents with an institutionalized ethnic ascendancy of the
majority group. The core ethnic nation controls the state and uses it to further
its national interests and to grant its members a favored status. The non-core
groups are accorded individual and collective rights and allowed to conduct a
struggle for change, but treated as second-class citizens and placed under
control.
In this paper the model of ethnic democracy is presented in a full and in a
mini version. The model consists of three parts: features of the regime, the
circumstances leading to it and the conditions contributing to its stability. The
criticisms against the general model, relating to its alleged illegitimacy,
instability and inefficiency, are discussed and answered. Ethnic democracy is
also distinguished from civic democracies (individual liberal democracy,
republican liberal democracy, multicultural democracy, consociational
democracy) on the one hand, and from quasi- or non-democracies (control,
Herrenvolk democracy, ethnocracy), on the other.
The mini-model of ethnic democracy is applied in detail to Israel, which
serves as an archetype and a springboard for its initial formulation. It is
applied in a condensed form to Slovakia and Estonia, and is illustrated very
briefly by Northern Ireland (1921-72), Poland (1918-35) and Malaysia.
It is posited that the model of ethnic democracy is particularly valid for
democratizing states that attempt to manage their divided societies without
giving up structured majority dominance. Some countries in Central Eastern
Europe are strongly disposed to this strategy. More applications of the model
are needed in order to develop it further.