Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries
Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries
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DOI：
10.1177/000312240406900601
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Fuwa, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fuwa, M
虽然大多数以前的研究集中在“个人”和夫妻的特点对家务分工的影响，本研究认为，宏观层面的因素在夫妻之间的家务分配的动态同样重要。1994年国际社会调查方案的数据被用来审查宏观一级的两性不平等是否限制了个人一级变量（相对资源、时间可利用性和性别意识形态）对22个工业化国家家务分工的影响。结果表明，时间的可用性和性别意识形态的均衡效果更强的妇女在更平等的国家，妇女在不平等的国家受益较少，从他们的个人层面的资产。进一步的分析表明，其他宏观因素（经济发展、女性劳动力参与、性别规范和水路运输制度）也可能影响家务分工。研究结果表明，如果不减少宏观层面的性别不平等，个人层面因素的变化可能不足以实现家务劳动的平等分工。
While most previous studies focus on the effects of 'individuals' and couples' characteristics on the division of housework, this study argues that macro-level factors are equally important in the dynamics of housework distribution between spouses. Data from the 1994 International Social Survey Programme is used to examine whether macro-level gender inequality limits the effect of individual-level variables (relative resources, time availability, and gender ideology) on the division of housework in 22 industrialized countries. The results show that the equalizing effects of time availability and gender ideology are stronger for women in more egalitarian countries; women in less egalitarian countries benefit less from their individual-level assets. Additional analysis shows that other macro-level factors (economic development, female labor-force participation, gender norms, and wetfare regimes) may also influence the division of housework. The results suggest that changes in individual-level factors may not be enough to achieve an equal division of housework without the reduction of macro-level gender inequality.