Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal migration
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DOI：
10.1055/s-2007-984736
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tobet, Stuart A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwarting, Gerald A.;Wierman, Margaret E.;Tobet, Stuart A.
合成和分泌十肽促性腺激素释放激素-1（GnRH-1）以控制生殖轴的神经元起源于哺乳动物嗅觉系统的嗅板/犁鼻器，并沿着犁鼻神经迁移到筛板，筛板标志着外周嗅觉系统和前脑之间的边界。迁移的GnRH-1神经元沿着犁鼻神经的分支尾侧进入下丘脑，在那里它们将突起延伸到正中隆起并停止迁移。GnRH-1释放到正中隆起的毛细血管中，启动激活垂体促性腺激素（促黄体激素和促卵泡激素）产生和分泌的级联反应。这些神经元不能完成迁移导致生殖轴的失败。在某些情况下，迁移失败与嗅觉丧失（嗅觉丧失）有关。调节GnRH-1神经元沿沿着这一复杂途径迁移的机制尚不完全清楚。最近的研究揭示了一系列的战略定位的可溶性因子，调节不同方面的GnRH-1神经元迁移在特定位置沿着其迁移路线的重要作用。本文综述了这些因子调节GnRH-1神经元迁移的不同机制。
Neurons that synthesize and secrete the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) to control the reproductive axis originate in the olfactory placode/vomeronasal organ of the olfactory system of mammals and migrate along vomeronasal nerves to the cribriform plate, which marks the boundary between the peripheral olfactory system and the forebrain. Migrating GnRH-1 neurons follow a branch of the vomeronasal nerve caudally into the hypothalamus, where they extend processes to the median eminence and halt their migration. The release of GnRH-1 into the capillaries of the median eminence starts the cascade that activates pituitary gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) production and secretion. Failure of these neurons to complete their migration results in failure of the reproductive axis. In some cases, failed migration is linked to the loss of the sense of smell (anosmia). The mechanisms that regulate migration of GnRH-1 neurons along this complex pathway are incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for a series of strategically located soluble factors that regulate different aspects of GnRH-1 neuron migration at specific locations along their migratory route. This review focuses on the different mechanisms used by these factors to regulate migration of GnRH-1 neurons.