The Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Flavors on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine Addiction-Related Behaviors.
The Impact of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Flavors on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Nicotine Addiction-Related Behaviors.
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules25184223
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发表时间：
2020-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henderson BJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper SY;Henderson BJ
在过去的二十年里，可燃香烟的吸烟率在美国缓慢下降了近11%；然而，电子烟的使用却大幅增加，包括在青少年中。虽然尼古丁是烟草产品的主要成瘾成分，也是电子烟的主要担忧因素，但这并不是唯一令人担忧的成分。加味产品的市场越来越大，电子烟使用者对零尼古丁电子烟的使用也越来越多。因此，很少有研究研究香料对健康和行为的影响。薄荷醇被研究得最广泛，因为它是可燃香烟中唯一的例外。因此，人们对薄荷脑和尼古丁对大脑的神经生物学效应有了广泛的了解，包括增加尼古丁奖赏，改变尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体的数量和功能，以及改变中脑神经元的兴奋性。虽然薄荷醇以外的香料被禁止在可燃香烟中使用，但有超过15,000种香料可用于电子烟。该综述旨在总结尼古丁成瘾的现有知识，以及涉及的不同脑区和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体亚型，并描述关于薄荷醇和青苹果香料的最新发现，以及它们在尼古丁成瘾和蒸发相关行为中的作用。
Over the past two decades, combustible cigarette smoking has slowly declined by nearly 11% in America; however, the use of electronic cigarettes has increased tremendously, including among adolescents. While nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco products and a primary concern in electronic cigarettes, this is not the only constituent of concern. There is a growing market of flavored products and a growing use of zero-nicotine e-liquids among electronic cigarette users. Accordingly, there are few studies that examine the impact of flavors on health and behavior. Menthol has been studied most extensively due to its lone exception in combustible cigarettes. Thus, there is a broad understanding of the neurobiological effects that menthol plus nicotine has on the brain including enhancing nicotine reward, altering nicotinic acetylcholine receptor number and function, and altering midbrain neuron excitability. Although flavors other than menthol were banned from combustible cigarettes, over 15,000 flavorants are available for use in electronic cigarettes. This review seeks to summarize the current knowledge on nicotine addiction and the various brain regions and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes involved, as well as describe the most recent findings regarding menthol and green apple flavorants, and their roles in nicotine addiction and vaping-related behaviors.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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