Civil rights as determinants of public health and racial and ethnic health equity: Health care, education, employment, and housing in the United States.
Civil rights as determinants of public health and racial and ethnic health equity: Health care, education, employment, and housing in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.10.006
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Williams DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hahn RA;Truman BI;Williams DR
本文考察了公民权利及其实施如何影响并继续影响美国种族和少数民族人口的健康。公民权利被描述为健康的社会决定因素。对美国历史的简要回顾表明，特别是对黑人、西班牙裔和美国印第安人来说，长期缺乏公民权利与持续的健康不平等有关。自1950年以来的民权历史在四个领域进行了探讨--医疗、教育、就业和住房。当公民权利得到执行时，前三个领域显示出实质性的好处。由于反歧视民权法律没有得到很好的执行，住房中的歧视和隔离现象依然存在。强制执行是民权法律成功的一个重要组成部分。公民权利及其执行可以被认为是公共卫生理论、研究、政策和行动的强大舞台。公民权利被描述为健康的社会决定因素。自1950年以来民权历史的四个领域--医疗保健、教育、就业和住房--被探讨。当公民权利得到执行时，医疗保健、教育和就业显示出实质性的好处。住房显示出全面未能落实现有的公民权利和持续存在的歧视。公民权利及其执行可以被认为是公共卫生理论、研究、政策和行动的强大舞台。
This essay examines how civil rights and their implementation have affected and continue to affect the health of racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Civil rights are characterized as social determinants of health. A brief review of US history indicates that, particularly for Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians, the longstanding lack of civil rights is linked with persistent health inequities. Civil rights history since 1950 is explored in four domains—health care, education, employment, and housing. The first three domains show substantial benefits when civil rights are enforced. Discrimination and segregation in housing persist because anti-discrimination civil rights laws have not been well enforced. Enforcement is an essential component for the success of civil rights law. Civil rights and their enforcement may be considered a powerful arena for public health theorizing, research, policy, and action. Civil rights are characterized as social determinants of health. Four domains in civil rights history since 1950 are explored in—health care, education, employment, and housing. Health care, education, employment show substantial benefits when civil rights are enforced. Housing shows an overall failure to enforce existing civil rights and persistent discrimination. Civil rights and their enforcement may be considered a powerful arena for public health theorizing, research, policy, and action.