Genome editing: the dynamics of continuity, convergence, and change in the engineering of life
Genome editing: the dynamics of continuity, convergence, and change in the engineering of life
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DOI：
10.1080/14636778.2020.1730166
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发表时间：
2020-04-02
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Bartlett，Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin，Paul;Morrison，Michael;Bartlett，Andrew
基因组编辑可以非常准确地改变DNA。它承诺在医疗保健，农业，工业和环境方面发生深刻和潜在的破坏性变化。本文对基因组编辑的当代发展以及连续性和变化之间的紧张关系进行了多学科分析。它借鉴了这样一种观点，即参与创新的行为者受到由实践、制度、规范和文化信仰组成的“社会技术制度”的指导。该分析侧重于基因组编辑如何在不同领域出现，以及这是否标志着现有生物技术制度的连续性或破坏。总之，我们认为，基因组编辑最好被理解为一个技术平台，这个平台正在由现有制度有力地塑造，但正在开始破坏生物技术的治理。从长远来看，它将与其他强大的技术平台融合，共同从根本上改变生命工程的能力。
Genome editing enables very accurate alterations to DNA. It promises profound and potentially disruptive changes in healthcare, agriculture, industry, and the environment. This paper presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the contemporary development of genome editing and the tension between continuity and change. It draws on the idea that actors involved in innovation are guided by “sociotechnical regimes” composed of practices, institutions, norms, and cultural beliefs. The analysis focuses on how genome editing is emerging in different domains and whether this marks continuity or disruption of the established biotechnology regime. In conclusion, it will be argued that genome editing is best understood as a technology platform that is being powerfully shaped by this existing regime but is starting to disrupt the governance of biotechnology. In the longer term is it set to converge with other powerful technology platforms, which together will fundamentally transform the capacity to engineer life.