Tidal and Hurricane Impacts on Saltmarshes in the Northeastern Coastal and Barrier Network: Theory and Empirical Results
Tidal and Hurricane Impacts on Saltmarshes in the Northeastern Coastal and Barrier Network: Theory and Empirical Results
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潮汐和飓风对东北沿海盐沼和屏障网络的影响：理论和经验结果
DOI：
10.1007/s12237-020-00790-5
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Plaisted, Holly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morris, James T.;Lynch, James;Renken, Katherine A.;Stevens, Sara;Tyrrell, Megan;Plaisted, Holly
利用地面高程表(SET)的经验数据和模型，研究了受飓风桑迪影响的4个国家公园的湿地高程响应。被检查的公园是纽约的火岛国家海滨和Gateway国家娱乐区；马萨诸塞州的科德角国家海滨；以及马里兰州的阿萨蒂格岛国家海滨。观测到的垂直吸积速率与沼泽平衡模型(MEM)的计算结果进行了比较。MEM预测由于土壤中有机物质的积累和沼泽表面悬浮无机物质的捕获而导致的垂直吸积。对52个测站近10年或更长时间的湿地高程变化进行的MEM模拟与观测结果基本一致。根据公园的不同，观测到的垂直增长的特定公园的平均值范围为0.16 ± 0.33(± 1SD)到0.51 ± 0.21 cm/年，而计算的速率范围为0.15 ± 0.03到0.22 ± 0.05 cm/年。观察率和计算率的总平均值分别为0.36 ± 0.34和0.19 ± 0.06 cm/年。我们定义了一种称为归一化高程资本(NEC)的新指标，它包含了有关潮差和高程资本的信息。除了2.3%的生物量采集落在0 <； NEC <； 1以内。与沼泽平衡理论一致，长期垂直增长速率最大，为0.4 ± 0.2 cm/年，在0.4 <； NEC <； 0.6的范围内，垂直增长以有机生产为主。风暴期间矿物沉积的平均幕式增量也是最大和正的，0.6 ± 0.9亿cm，范围为0.4 <； NEC <； 0.6。最后，通过将沉积物应用于NEC = 0.55-0.68而恢复的Gateway NRA的一个湿地，处理后的垂直沉积速率为0.36 ± 0.31 cm/年，与Gateway其他地方的设置站点的0.57 ± 0.54 cm/年没有统计学差异。沉积物修正将修复地点置于NEC的范围内，理论上预测生物吸积应主导垂直吸积。模型模拟表明，公园中目前的垂直增长速度接近其理论极限，在没有新的沉积物的情况下，这些公园中现存的沼泽群落不太可能在海平面持续加速上升的情况下生存下来，因为没有周期性的沉积物再补充。
The responses of marsh elevation in four National Parks affected by Hurricane Sandy were examined using empirical data from surface elevation tables (SET) and modeling. The parks examined were Fire Island National Seashore and Gateway National Recreational Area in New York; Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts; and Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland. Observed vertical accretion rates were compared with calculations made with the Marsh Equilibrium Model (MEM). MEM predicts vertical accretion resulting from the accumulation of organic material in soil and the capture of suspended inorganic material at the marsh surface. MEM simulations of a decade or more of marsh elevation change at 52 SET stations were generally consistent with observations. Park-specific averages of observed vertical accretion ranged from 0.16 ± 0.33 (± 1 SD) to 0.51 ± 0.21 cm/year, while the range of calculated rates was 0.15 ± 0.03 to 0.22 ± 0.05 cm/year, depending on the park. Grand means of observed and calculated rates were 0.36 ± 0.34 and 0.19 ± 0.06 cm/year, respectively. We defined a novel metric termed normalized elevation capital (NEC) that incorporates information about tide range and elevation capital. All but 2.3% of biomass collections from all the parks fell within 0 < NEC < 1. Consistent with marsh equilibrium theory, long-term vertical accretion rate tended to be greatest, 0.4 ± 0.2 cm/year, in the range 0.4 < NEC < 0.6 where vertical accretion is dominated by organic production. Average episodic accretion during the storm from mineral deposition also was greatest and positive, 0.6 ± 0.9 cm in the range 0.4 < NEC < 0.6. Finally, one marsh in Gateway NRA, restored by an application of sediment to NEC = 0.55–0.68, had post-treatment vertical accretion rates of 0.36 ± 0.31 cm/year, not statistically different from SET stations elsewhere in Gateway, 0.57 ± 0.54 cm/year. The sediment amendment placed restored sites in the range of NEC where theory predicts that biogenic accretion should dominate vertical accretion. Model simulations suggest that current rates of vertical accretion in the parks are close to their theoretical limits, and in the absence of new sediment, extant marsh communities in these parks are unlikely to survive continued acceleration of sea-level rise in the absence of periodic sediment renourishment.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
J. Morris;J. Edwards;S. Crooks;E. Reyes
通讯作者：
J. Morris;J. Edwards;S. Crooks;E. Reyes
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
J. Morris
通讯作者：
J. Morris
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
R. Dean
通讯作者：
R. Dean
盐沼生态系统中的分解：互花米草凋落物腐烂过程中的酚类动态
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
J. O. Wilson;R. Buchsbaum;I. Valiela;T. Swain
通讯作者：
T. Swain
影响因子：
5
作者：
Miller, Gwen J.;Morris, James T.;Wang, Cuizhen
通讯作者：
Wang, Cuizhen