Defining Fitness in Evolutionary Ecology
Defining Fitness in Evolutionary Ecology
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DOI：
10.1086/729360
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发表时间：
2024-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Anderson，Jill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wadgymar，Susana M.;Sheth，Seema;Anderson，Jill
对生物适应性的理解是生态学和进化论的理论和实践的核心，但适应性仍然是一个难以定义的概念，并且很难准确测量。健康度反映了个体将等位基因遗传给后代的能力。研究人员经常量化健康指标，例如生存、生长或繁殖成功率。然而，确定终生适应性可能很困难，特别是对于寿命较长的物种。非生物和生物环境强烈影响适应性的表达，这意味着适应性成分可以随着空间和时间的变化而变化。这种空间和时间的异质性导致了我们在自然界中看到的令人印象深刻的适应范围。在这里，我们回顾了适应性的定义以及在基因、个体、基因型和种群水平上测量适应性的方法，并强调适应性是连接生态和进化思想的关键概念。
An understanding of biological fitness is central to theory and practice in ecology and evolution, yet fitness remains an elusive concept to define and is challenging to measure accurately. Fitness reflects an individual’s ability to pass its alleles on to subsequent generations. Researchers often quantify proxies for fitness, such as survival, growth, or reproductive success. However, it can be difficult to determine lifetime fitness, especially for species with long life spans. The abiotic and biotic environment strongly affects the expression of fitness, which means that fitness components can vary through both space and time. This spatial and temporal heterogeneity results in the impressive range of adaptations that we see in nature. Here, we review definitions of fitness and approaches to measuring fitness at the level of genes, individuals, genotypes, and populations and highlight that fitness is a key concept linking ecological and evolutionary thought.