Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes
Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961736.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Marsch, LA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickel, WK;Marsch, LA
行为经济学研究影响商品消费的条件，并提供了几个可能有助于理解药物依赖的概念。其中一个重要的概念是药物依赖者如何低估延迟的药物。延迟贴现是指观察到延迟贴现的价值与立即贴现的价值相比被贴现（价值减少或被认为价值更低）。本文探讨延迟折扣如何可能提供一个解释的冲动和失控所表现出的药物依赖。在这样做的时候，本文回顾了延迟折扣的经济模型，延迟折扣的药物依赖和药物依赖个体之间的冲动性人格评估的科学文献的实证文献。最后，未来的研究方向进行了讨论，包括药物依赖个体的控制和损失厌恶的研究，折扣的关系，既行为经济学的弹性措施，以及在临床环境中观察到的结果，冲动和心理障碍之间的关系，而不是药物依赖。
Behavioral economics examines conditions that influence the consumption of commodities and provides several concepts that may be instrumental in understanding drug dependence. One such concept of significance is that of how delayed reinforcers are discounted by drug dependent individuals. Discounting of delayed reinforcers refers to the observation that the value of a delayed reinforcer is discounted (reduced in value or considered to be worth less) compared to the value of an immediate reinforcer. This paper examines how delay discounting may provide an explanation of both impulsivity and loss of control exhibited by the drug dependent. In so doing, the paper reviews economic models of delay discounting, the empirical literature on the discounting of delayed reinforcers by the drug dependent and the scientific literature on personality assessments of impulsivity among drug-dependent individuals. Finally, future directions for the study of discounting are discussed, including the study of loss of control and loss aversion among drug-dependent individuals, the relationship of discounting to both the behavioral economic measure of elasticity as well as to outcomes observed in clinical settings, and the relationship between impulsivity and psychological disorders other than drug dependence.