Santa Rosalia revisited: Why are there so many species of bacteria?
Santa Rosalia revisited: Why are there so many species of bacteria?
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1000665216662
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Dykhuizen, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dykhuizen, DE
世界上细菌的多样性知之甚少。通常只有不到1%的自然界细菌可以在实验室中生长。这导致我们低估了细菌的多样性，并使我们对细菌群落的看法产生偏见。这些工具现在可用于估计社区中细菌物种的数量，并估计社区之间的差异。根据现有的数据，我估计30克森林土壤中含有50多万种物种。相关群落之间的物种差异表明，细菌物种的数量可能超过10亿。我认为，对如此大量的细菌物种的解释很简单，细菌中的物种形成很容易，灭绝很困难，物种形成的速度高于灭绝的速度，导致物种数量随着时间的推移而不断增加。最近细菌进化的实验结果证明了物种形成很容易的观点。
The diversity of bacteria in the world is very poorly known. Usually less than one percent of the bacteria from natural communities can be grown in the laboratory. This has caused us to underestimate bacterial diversity and biased our view of bacterial communities. The tools are now available to estimate the number of bacterial species in a community and to estimate the difference between communities. Using what data are available, I have estimated that thirty grams of forest soil contains over half a million species. The species difference between related communities suggests that the number of species of bacteria may be more than a thousand million. I suppose that the explanation for such a large number of bacterial species is simply that speciation in bacteria is easy and extinction difficult, giving a rate of speciation higher than the rate of extinction, leading to an ever increasing number of species over time. The idea that speciation is easy is justified from the results of recent experimental work in bacterial evolution.