Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling.
Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2016.0828
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Steinbrecher T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hourston JE;Ignatz M;Reith M;Leubner-Metzger G;Steinbrecher T
几千年来不断的创新推动了铣削工艺的效率不断提高。机械表征小麦颗粒和辨别麦麸层的结构和功能有助于持续创新。我们提出了新的剪切力和刺穿力测试制度来表征不同的小麦品种。小麦晶粒在碾磨过程中所承受的力可以量化，使我们能够测量常用的晶粒预处理，如微波加热、延长回火、酶和激素处理对不同“硬度”晶粒的影响。使用这些方法，我们证明了铣削前短回火阶段的重要性，并确定了我们的方法可以检测硬和软晶粒类型的最大力、能量和断裂行为的差异的方法。我们还首次通过在单麸皮层上的激素分层证明了小麦胚乳的弱化。现代碾磨过程是高度精细的，这意味着小的，特定品种的调整可以导致下游利润的大幅增加。我们相信，这些能够快速测试铣削预处理和材料性能的方法可以帮助推动创新过程，这是我们自史前以来工业努力的核心。
Millennia of continuous innovation have driven ever increasing efficiency in the milling process. Mechanically characterizing wheat grains and discerning the structure and function of the wheat bran layers can contribute to continuing innovation. We present novel shear force and puncture force testing regimes to characterize different wheat grain cultivars. The forces endured by wheat grains during the milling process can be quantified, enabling us to measure the impact of commonly applied grain pretreatments, such as microwave heating, extended tempering, enzyme and hormone treatments on grains of different ‘hardness’. Using these methods, we demonstrate the importance of short tempering phases prior to milling and identify ways in which our methods can detect differences in the maximum force, energy and breaking behaviours of hard and soft grain types. We also demonstrate for the first time, endosperm weakening in wheat, through hormone stratification on single bran layers. The modern milling process is highly refined, meaning that small, cultivar specific, adjustments can result in large increases in downstream profits. We believe that methods such as these, which enable rapid testing of milling pretreatments and material properties can help to drive an innovation process that has been core to our industrial efforts since prehistory.