EXPECTATION AND ANTICIPATION OF DYNAMIC VISUAL EVENTS BY 3.5-MONTH-OLD BABIES
EXPECTATION AND ANTICIPATION OF DYNAMIC VISUAL EVENTS BY 3.5-MONTH-OLD BABIES
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DOI：
10.2307/1130325
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发表时间：
1988-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
GOODMAN, GS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HAITH, MM;HAZAN, C;GOODMAN, GS
我们报告了一项调查的发展，视觉期望在3.5个月大的婴儿。当婴儿观看一系列与行为无关的幻灯片时，婴儿的一只眼睛被录像下来。婴儿提出了一个交替和不规则系列的30个幻灯片与700毫秒的发作时间间隔刺激间隔（ISI）。交替系列的ISI为1，100 msec，而不规则系列的载玻片间隔为900、1，100或1，300 msec，随机排序。一半的婴儿首先看到不规则的序列，一半的婴儿首先看到规则的序列。两组婴儿都提供了证据，证明他们对交替系列中的视觉事件产生了预期。他们的反应时间（RT）显着下降，从3 - 5“基线”介绍，他们的RT是可靠的更快，在交替比不规则系列。此外，在交替晚组的婴儿有显着更多的刺激预期在交替期间比在不规则的系列。这些研究结果表明，3.5个月大的婴儿可以检测到时空序列中的规律性，会对该系列中的事件产生预期，并会根据这些预期采取行动，即使这些行动对刺激事件没有影响。我们相信，婴儿的动机发展的预期不可控的时空事件，因为这些期望允许他们把他们的视觉行为的部分内部控制。
We report an investigation of the development of visual expectancies in 3.5-month-old infants. One of the infant''s eyes was videorecorded as the infant watched a series of slides that were presented noncontingent on behavior. Babies were presented an alternating and an irregular series of 30 slides with a 700-msec onset duration separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI). The ISI for the alternating series was 1,100 msec, whereas the slides for the irregular series were separated by 900, 1,100, or 1,300 msec, randomly ordered. One-half of the babies saw the irregular series first, and one-half saw the regular series first. Babies in both groups provided evidence that they developed expectations for the visual events in the alternating series. Their reaction times (RTs) declined significantly from 3-5 "baseline" presentations, and their RTs were reliably faster during the alternating than the irregular series. Additionally, babies in the alternating-late group had significantly more stimulus anticipations during the alternating than during the irregular series. These findings indicate that 3.5-month-olds can detect regularity in a spatiotemporal series, will develop expectancies for events in the series, and will act on the basis of those expectancies even when those actions have no effect on the stimulus events. We believe that infants are motivated to develop expectations for noncontrollable spatiotemporal events, because these expectations permit them to bring their visual behavior under partial internal control.