Response of foundation macrophytes to near‐natural simulated marine heatwaves
Response of foundation macrophytes to near‐natural simulated marine heatwaves
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.14801
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
M. Saha;F. R. Barboza;P. Somerfield;Balsam Al-Janabi;M. Beck;J. Brakel;M. Ito;C. Pansch;Jennifer C. Nascimento‐Schulze;Stina Jakobsson Thor;F. Weinberger;Y. Sawall
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Saha;F. R. Barboza;P. Somerfield;Balsam Al-Janabi;M. Beck;J. Brakel;M. Ito;C. Pansch;Jennifer C. Nascimento‐Schulze;Stina Jakobsson Thor;F. Weinberger;Y. Sawall
海洋热浪已在世界各地观测到，预计由于气候变化，其频率和强度都将增加。这些事件可能导致生态系统因物种分布范围缩小或重新分布而重新配置，并产生生态、经济和社会影响。大型植物如褐藻墨角藻和海草大叶藻是北方半球温带许多沿海生态系统的基础物种。因此，它们对极端事件的反应可能决定相关生态系统的命运。大型植物的功能与维持光合作用、生长和繁殖以及抵抗病原体、附着生物和食草动物密切相关。研究了西波罗的海黄鳍金枪鱼的形态、生理、病理和化学防御反应。vesiculosus和Z.模拟接近自然的海洋热浪沿着（a）对照，其不构成热浪，但构成自然随机温度变化（0 HW），应用两种处理：（B）两次晚春热浪（6月，7月），随后是夏季热浪（8月; 3 HW）和（c）仅夏季热浪（1HW）。应用3 HW处理来测试预处理事件是否可以调节对夏季热浪的潜在敏感性。尽管在这两个物种中测量的各种反应，只有Z。3 HW处理的累积热胁迫损害了海水的生长。然而，光合速率在最后一次热浪后仍然很高，表明有恢复的潜力。在F.囊状的因此，无论是水生植物，特别是F。vesiculosus的，似乎是相当耐受短期海洋热浪至少在本实验中应用的强度（高达5°C以上的平均温度超过9天的时间）。这可能部分是由于F. vesiculosus在高度可变的环境中生长，并且可能具有高的表型可塑性。
Marine heatwaves have been observed worldwide and are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity due to climate change. Such events may cause ecosystem reconfigurations arising from species range contraction or redistribution, with ecological, economic and social implications. Macrophytes such as the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and the seagrass Zostera marina are foundation species in many coastal ecosystems of the temperate northern hemisphere. Hence, their response to extreme events can potentially determine the fate of associated ecosystems. Macrophyte functioning is intimately linked to the maintenance of photosynthesis, growth and reproduction, and resistance against pathogens, epibionts and grazers. We investigated morphological, physiological, pathological and chemical defence responses of western Baltic Sea F. vesiculosus and Z. marina populations to simulated near‐natural marine heatwaves. Along with (a) the control, which constituted no heatwave but natural stochastic temperature variability (0HW), two treatments were applied: (b) two late‐spring heatwaves (June, July) followed by a summer heatwave (August; 3HW) and (c) a summer heatwave only (1HW). The 3HW treatment was applied to test whether preconditioning events can modulate the potential sensitivity to the summer heatwave. Despite the variety of responses measured in both species, only Z. marina growth was impaired by the accumulative heat stress imposed by the 3HW treatment. Photosynthetic rate, however, remained high after the last heatwave indicating potential for recovery. Only epibacterial abundance was significantly affected in F. vesiculosus. Hence both macrophytes, and in particular F. vesiculosus, seem to be fairly tolerant to short‐term marine heatwaves at least at the intensities applied in this experiment (up to 5°C above mean temperature over a period of 9 days). This may partly be due to the fact that F. vesiculosus grows in a highly variable environment, and may have a high phenotypic plasticity.