Lost Books - Reconstructing the Print World of Pre-Industrial Europe
Lost Books - Reconstructing the Print World of Pre-Industrial Europe
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失落的书籍——重建前工业化欧洲的印刷世界
DOI：
10.1163/9789004311824_021
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bruni F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bruni F
今天的传统假设是，图书馆主要是作为提供书籍的服务而存在；图书馆已被视为西方自由民主的基本支柱，也是普及教育的关键要素。我们往往会忘记的是，公共图书馆作为一种社会服务是一个非常年轻的想法；在英国，它随着1850年的《公共图书馆法案》而出现，该法案首次确立了由纳税人资助的免费公共图书馆的原则。尽管此后的发展缓慢且不平衡，但新型公共图书馆帮助取代了以商业主义、志愿主义、慈善事业、协会和相互完善为基础的蓬勃发展的、不受监管的图书馆文化，这种文化现在几乎完全从社会景观中消失了。在《公共图书馆法案》通过之前的两个世纪里，图书馆以令人眼花缭乱的各种组织模式在英语国家大量涌现。图书馆的出现是为了服务特定的社区，反映了军事驻军、移民船只、监狱、学校、教堂、工厂以及医务人员和律师的非正式网络的专业需求。3
The conventional assumption today is that libraries exist primarily as a service to provide books; libraries have come to be valued as a fundamental plank of western, liberal democracy, and as a key element of a universal education. What we tend to forget is that the public library as social service is a very young idea; in Britain, it emerged with the Public Libraries Act of 1850, which established the principle of free public libraries supported by the taxpayer for the very first time. 1 Although take up was slow and uneven thereafter, the new breed of Public Library helped to displace a flourishing unregulated library culture underpinned by commercialism, voluntarism, philanthropy, association and mutual self-improvement which is now almost entirely lost from the social landscape. 2In the two centuries before the passage of the Public Libraries Act, libraries proliferated across the Anglophone world on a bewildering variety of organizational models. Libraries emerged to serve particular communities, reflecting the specialist demands of military garrisons, emigrant vessels, prisons, schools, churches, factories and informal networks of medical men and lawyers. 3