A MODEL OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE
A MODEL OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE
复制标题
语义结构模型
作者：
F. Southworth
本文从这样一个想法开始，即相互释义的句子的研究导致识别比传统单位（词或语素）更相关的结构描述的语言单位。幸运或不幸的是，我不可能阻止它滚雪球，成为一个成熟的语言结构理论。最近的理论出版物显示出对语义结构的新的兴趣，这里提出的模型试图将语义描述与现有的语法描述技术联系起来。除了纯粹的理论动机之外，语言学研究的许多方面（包括跨文化研究，以及语言教学，翻译和词典编纂等实践追求）都可以从词汇和语法结构之间关系的进一步研究中受益。最后，这两种结构之间的关系可以通过讨论模型来澄清，尽管对这种关系的详细研究需要时间。这种方法导致了两个层次的结构之间的相当明显的区别：一个基本的语义结构和一个表面的语法结构，这在某种程度上是相互独立的（见2）。虽然这类似于最近在转换论者中引起广泛关注的深层结构和表层结构之间的区别，但实际上是不同的。描述这种差异的一种方法是，转换论者所称的深层结构在这里被认为是表层语法的一部分，但实际上事情要比这复杂得多。
This paper began with the idea that the study of sentences which paraphrase each other leads to the identification of linguistic units which are more relevant to the description of structure than traditional units (words or morphemes).' Fortunately or unfortunately, it has been impossible for me to keep it from snowballing into a full-fledged theory of linguistic structure. Recent theoretical publications show a renewed interest in semantic structure, and the model presented here is an attempt to tie semantic description to existing techniques of grammatical description. Apart from the purely theoretical motivation, there are a number of aspects of linguistic study (including cross-cultural studies, and practical pursuits such as language teaching, translation, and lexicography) which may benefit from further study of the relationship between lexical and grammatical structure. Ultimately, the relation between these two kinds of structure may be clarified by discussion of models such as the one presented here, though the detailed study of this relationship will take time. The present approach leads to a fairly sharp distinction between two levels of structure: a basic semological structure and a surface grammatical structure, which are to some extent independent of each other (see 2). While this resembles the distinction between deep and surface structure which has recently excited much attention among transformationalists,2 it is actually different. One way of characterizing the difference is that much of what transformationalists are calling deep structure will here be considered part of surface grammar, but actually things are more complicated than that.