A System for Real-Time, Online Mixed-Reality Visualization of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images.
A System for Real-Time, Online Mixed-Reality Visualization of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images.
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DOI：
10.3390/jimaging7120274
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发表时间：
2021-12-14
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Seiberlich N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franson D;Dupuis A;Gulani V;Griswold M;Seiberlich N
图像引导的心血管介入是快速发展的程序，需要能够快速数据采集和低延迟图像重建和可视化的成像系统。与替代模式相比，磁共振成像（MRI）由于具有出色的软组织对比度和大视野，而不会暴露于电离辐射，因此在复杂的介入环境中具有很大的吸引力。然而，大多数临床部署的MRI序列和可视化管道表现出较差的延迟特性，并且复杂解剖结构和设备方向的空间集成在传统的2D显示器上可能具有挑战性。这项工作展示了一个概念验证系统，该系统将实时心脏MR图像采集、在线低延迟重建和立体显示联系起来，以支持实时MR引导介入的进一步发展。使用欠采样的径向轨迹采集数据，并通过在图形处理单元上实现的并行化贯穿时间的径向广义自动校准部分并行采集（GRAPPA）进行重建。图像被渲染以在立体混合现实头戴式显示器中显示。该系统通过对健康志愿者的标准心脏视图进行成像成功测试。收集由一个切片（46 ms）、两个切片（92 ms）和三个切片（138 ms）组成的数据集，每个切片的采集时间在括号中列出。对于所有三种条件，图像以42 ms/帧或更少的延迟显示。当采集8个和12个分区时，分别以467 ms和588 ms的采集时间在每心跳一个体积处采集体积数据。平面和体积显示的延迟时间均小于286 ms，比采集延迟时间更快，可实现心脏的实时3D可视化。
Image-guided cardiovascular interventions are rapidly evolving procedures that necessitate imaging systems capable of rapid data acquisition and low-latency image reconstruction and visualization. Compared to alternative modalities, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is attractive for guidance in complex interventional settings thanks to excellent soft tissue contrast and large fields-of-view without exposure to ionizing radiation. However, most clinically deployed MRI sequences and visualization pipelines exhibit poor latency characteristics, and spatial integration of complex anatomy and device orientation can be challenging on conventional 2D displays. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept system linking real-time cardiac MR image acquisition, online low-latency reconstruction, and a stereoscopic display to support further development in real-time MR-guided intervention. Data are acquired using an undersampled, radial trajectory and reconstructed via parallelized through-time radial generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) implemented on graphics processing units. Images are rendered for display in a stereoscopic mixed-reality head-mounted display. The system is successfully tested by imaging standard cardiac views in healthy volunteers. Datasets comprised of one slice (46 ms), two slices (92 ms), and three slices (138 ms) are collected, with the acquisition time of each listed in parentheses. Images are displayed with latencies of 42 ms/frame or less for all three conditions. Volumetric data are acquired at one volume per heartbeat with acquisition times of 467 ms and 588 ms when 8 and 12 partitions are acquired, respectively. Volumes are displayed with a latency of 286 ms or less. The faster-than-acquisition latencies for both planar and volumetric display enable real-time 3D visualization of the heart.