Basic mechanisms for recognition and transport of synaptic cargos.

Basic mechanisms for recognition and transport of synaptic cargos.
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DOI:
10.1186/1756-6606-2-25
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发表时间:
2009-08-04
期刊:
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Hoogenraad CC
Hoogenraad CC
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schlager MA;Hoogenraad CC

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突触货物运输对突触的形成、功能和可塑性至关重要。为了将突触货物(如突触囊泡前体、线粒体、神经递质受体和信号蛋白)运输到它们的作用位点,神经元利用分子运动蛋白。这些马达在微管和肌动蛋白细胞骨架上运行,并受到高度调节,因此不同的货物可以在突触前和突触后的不同位点运输到不同的突触特化。突触货物如何实现特异性、方向性和定时运输是一个正在发展的研究领域。最近的研究表明,电机与货物的对接是一个关键的控制点。此外,机动货物相互作用的精确时空调节对于运输特异性和货物招募非常重要。局部信号通路- Ca2+内流,CaMKII信号和Rab GTPase活性-调节突触位置的运动活动和货物释放。我们在这里讨论不同的运动如何识别它们的突触货物,以及运动-货物的相互作用是如何由神经元活动调节的。
Synaptic cargo trafficking is essential for synapse formation, function and plasticity. In order to transport synaptic cargo, such as synaptic vesicle precursors, mitochondria, neurotransmitter receptors and signaling proteins to their site of action, neurons make use of molecular motor proteins. These motors operate on the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton and are highly regulated so that different cargos can be transported to distinct synaptic specializations at both pre- and post-synaptic sites. How synaptic cargos achieve specificity, directionality and timing of transport is a developing area of investigation. Recent studies demonstrate that the docking of motors to their cargos is a key control point. Moreover, precise spatial and temporal regulation of motor-cargo interactions is important for transport specificity and cargo recruitment. Local signaling pathways - Ca2+ influx, CaMKII signaling and Rab GTPase activity - regulate motor activity and cargo release at synaptic locations. We discuss here how different motors recognize their synaptic cargo and how motor-cargo interactions are regulated by neuronal activity.
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