Reduction of drug self-administration by an alternative non-drug reinforcer in rhesus monkeys: magnitude and temporal effects
Reduction of drug self-administration by an alternative non-drug reinforcer in rhesus monkeys: magnitude and temporal effects
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DOI：
10.1007/s002130050011
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Carroll, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, UC;Carroll, ME
理论基础：最近的研究表明，非药物替代增强剂减少了药物的自我给药。本研究的一个目的是探讨替代增强剂的大小和会议期间获得替代增强剂的机会等因素，以确定导致最佳药物摄入量减少的条件。目的：采用行为经济学分析方法，评价每日连续摄入苯环利定(PCP)和糖精的恒河猴口服苯环利定(PCP)时，增加糖精的容量/递送比(v/d)对PCP自我给药的影响。还研究了在服药期间糖精溶液的可用性对服药猴子的五氯酚摄入量的影响。方法：受试者从两个饮水嘴中同时或独立地摄取PCP(0.25 mg/ml)和水或糖精(0.03%)，每天3小时。两种可用液体的FR要求同时增加(FR4-)。糖精或水的v/d增加(从0.3ml增加到1.2ml)，而五氯苯酚的v/d保持不变(0.6ml)。在第二个实验中，受试者可以在FR1时间表下的间歇期(17.5小时)获得水或糖精和水。在并行的FR计划下，每天3小时的疗程中可以获得五氯苯酚和水。两种液体的FR均增加(FR16-128)。结果：当糖精(相对于水)同时可用时，五氯酚的摄入量在所有FRS和量值条件下都减少了。改变糖精的v/d仅对FR值较高时降低五氯苯酚摄入量的程度影响不大。间歇期糖精供应(与水相比)减少了间歇期五氯酚的摄入量，这种影响的幅度也在FR值较高时更大。结论：糖精给药的大小对较高FRS的PCP的摄入量有影响，表明经济因素，如高药费(FR)和低成本(反应/毫升)的替代增强剂(糖精)相互作用，产生最大限度的药物摄取抑制。糖精的间歇给药也有效地减少了药物摄入量，并且当药物单价较高时，糖精对药物自我给药的维持水平有更大的影响。
Rationale: Recent studies have shown that non-drug alternative reinforcers reduce drug self-administration. A goal of the present study was to explore factors such as magnitude of the alternative reinforcer and inter-session access to the alternative to identify conditions that lead to optimal reductions in drug intake. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of increasing the volume/delivery (v/d) of saccharin on oral phencyclidine (PCP) self-administration in rhesus monkeys given continuous access to PCP and saccharin during daily sessions using a behavioral economic analysis. The effects of availability of a saccharin solution during the intersession period on session PCP consumption in drug-experienced monkeys was also investigated. Methods: Subjects had access to PCP (0.25 mg/ml) and either water or saccharin (0.03%) from two drinking spouts under concurrent and independent fixed-ratio (FR) schedules during daily 3-h sessions. The FR requirements for both available liquids were simultaneously increased (FR4-64). The v/d of saccharin or water was increased (from 0.3 ml to 1.2 ml), while the v/d of PCP remained constant (0.6 ml. In a second experiment, subjects had access to water or saccharin and water during the inter-session period (17.5 h) under an FR1 schedule. PCP and water were available during daily 3-h sessions under concurrent FR schedules. The FR for both liquids was increased (FR16-128). Results: PCP intake was reduced at all FRs and magnitude conditions when saccharin (versus water) was concurrently available. Varying the v/d of saccharin only had a modest effect on the extent to which PCP intake was decreased at the higher FR values. Inter-session saccharin availability (versus water) reduced session PCP intake and the magnitude of this effect was also greater at the higher FR values. Conclusions: The magnitude of the saccharin delivery had an effect on PCP consumption at higher FRs, suggesting that economic factors such as high drug cost (FR) and low cost (responses/ml) of the alternative reinforcer (saccharin) interact to produce a maximum suppression of drug intake. Between-session availability of saccharin also effectively reduced drug intake, and it had a greater effect on the maintenance levels of drug self-administration when the unit price of drug was high.