Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy.
Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.20449
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
D. Marchi;V. Sparacello;B. Holt;V. Formicola
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Marchi;V. Sparacello;B. Holt;V. Formicola
本文探讨了在上下肢的健壮性和活动模式的变化，伴随着过渡到一个新石器时代的生活在西部利古里亚（意大利）。骨干健壮性措施获得的肱骨和股骨的横截面几何特性的样本16个人（8男8女）的日期约为6000 - 5500 BP。与欧洲晚期旧石器时代（LUP）的比较表明，增加肱骨健壮的新石器时代利古里亚（NEOL）的男性，但不是在女性，在两种性别的左右差异显着减少。在上肢和下肢骨骼中，健壮性的两性异形增加。关于股骨，虽然所有女性弯曲强度指标随时间推移稳步下降，但NEOL男性的值接近LUP。这表明NEOL男性的机械应力水平很高，而且出乎意料，这可能反映了山区地形对下肢重塑的影响。NEOL男性和来自同一地区的LUP狩猎采集者的小样本之间的比较支持这种解释。总之，横截面几何数据表明，过渡到新石器时代的经济在西部利古里亚并没有减少男性的功能要求，并建议一个显着的性别分工，涉及更对称的使用上肢，和不同的男女运动压力水平。当与考古学，动物群，古病理学和人种学的证据，这些结果支持的假设，重复，双手使用的轴与畜牧活动的男性，和更多的久坐不动的任务与农业的女性。
This paper investigates the changes in upper and lower limb robusticity and activity patterns that accompanied the transition to a Neolithic subsistence in western Liguria (Italy). Diaphyseal robusticity measures were obtained from cross-sectional geometric properties of the humerus and femur in a sample of 16 individuals (eight males and eight females) dated to about 6,000-5,500 BP. Comparisons with European Late Upper Paleolithics (LUP) indicate increased humeral robusticity in Neolithic Ligurian (NEOL) males, but not in females, with a significant reduction in right-left differences in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in robusticity increases in upper and lower limb bones. Regarding the femur, while all female indicators of bending strength decrease steadily through time, values for NEOL males approach those of LUP. This suggests high, and unexpected, levels of mechanical stress for NEOL males, probably reflecting the effects of the mountainous terrain on lower limb remodeling. Comparisons between NEOL males and a small sample of LUP hunter-gatherers from the same area support this interpretation. In conclusion, cross-sectional geometry data indicate that the transition to Neolithic economies in western Liguria did not reduce functional requirements in males, and suggest a marked sexual division of labor involving a more symmetrical use of the upper limb, and different male-female levels of locomotory stress. When articulated with archaeological, faunal, paleopathological, and ethnographic evidence, these results support the hypothesis of repetitive, bimanual use of axes tied to pastoral activities in males, and of more sedentary tasks linked to agriculture in females.